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Individuals who experience a loss of TBK1 function due to genetic mutations are more susceptible to viral infections. These signaling molecules then notify nearby immune cells of the viral infection and stimulate an immune response. When there are point mutations in the TBK1 gene, it can lead to a loss of TBK1 function. As a result, the kinase IKKepsilon in human immune cells undergoes continuous degradation. As explained by Dr, Wegner: the findings of the study “clearly show that human immune cells have an important backup mechanism.