Quantum mechanics is so odd that even the visionary genius who described the secrets of the Universe seemed to dismiss certain aspects as eerie. "Spooky action at a distance" is how Albert Einstein described quantum entanglement, a weird connection between particles that classical physics cannot explain. From our classical perspective, it seems to allow instantaneous communication, thereby breaking the speed of light and garnering Einstein's ire. For example, if we flipped two quantum-entangled coins and one landed heads up, we could know for sure whether the second coin would instantly land tails up – even if one were flipped on Earth and the other on Mars. That's because measuring one instantly reveals the state of the other, a correlation with no classical explanation. This spooky synchronization is a basis for quantum computing, with untold potential for machine learning, pharmaceutical design, digital communications, and other essential applications. Now, physicists at the Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA) and the Technical University of Munich in Germany have achieved a breakthrough by experimentally confirming a 20-year-old entanglement theory, providing a prototype for scaling up quantum computing processes. Not too dissimilar from hosing down an irascible chihuahua, the researchers used a 'quantum bath' of light particles to entangle isolated qubits (quantum bits), the functional units of quantum computers. Qubits are the quantum counterparts of bits (binary digits), the basic units of information that power conventional computers. Bits can represent two values, 1 or 0, which are akin to a switch being 'on' or 'off.' Qubits, however, can exist in a superposition of 1 and 0 states – like Schrödinger's famous box-trapped tabby, a metaphor for how such quantum particles can exist in multiple states at once. More traditional entanglement approaches include two methods. The first sends a single, actively controlled photon between two
A 20-Year-Old <b>Quantum</b> Entanglement Theory Has Finally Been Confirmed in Experiments
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