NEW YORK: Humans can reliably identify a cat, butterfly, car or other objects and living creatures even when they appear as nothing more than a rough silhouette.

For artificial intelligence (AI), however, this remains an impossible task.

Modern image-recognition programmes perform significantly worse than human observers when it comes to perceiving overall shapes and outlines, according to a research team led at the New York University Grossman School of Medicine, writing in the journal iScience.