The BUILD America 250 Act, introduced in the House last week, would reauthorize federal surface transportation programs for highways, bridges, transit, rail, safety, and related transportation programs. For fleets and clean transportation stakeholders, two provisions stand out: a proposed federal registration fee structure for electric and plug-in hybrid vehicles, and a new federal framework for automated driving system-equipped commercial motor vehicles operating in interstate commerce. While the bill is broad in scope, these two sections could have direct implications for the economics and regulatory certainty surrounding advanced vehicle deployment. New Federal Fees Could Change the EV Cost Equation Section 1129 of the bill would establish a federal annual registration fee of $130 for covered electric vehicles and $35 for covered plug-in hybrid vehicles. Beginning in 2029, the Federal Highway Administration administrator would increase those amounts by $5 every two years, with the EV fee capped at $150 and the plug-in hybrid fee capped at $50. The fees would terminate on October 1, 2036. For fleets evaluating EVs and plug-in hybrids, the provision adds another factor to total cost of ownership calculations. Even though the proposed annual fees are relatively small compared with vehicle acquisition, fuel, maintenance, and charging costs, they signal a broader policy shift: EVs and plug-in hybrids would be brought more directly into the federal roadway funding system. The bill directs state motor vehicle departments to incorporate the fees into vehicle registration and renewal processes, or receive approval for an alternate collection method. States would remit the collected fees monthly to the FHWA, and the bill includes a withholding mechanism for states that do not comply. The provision is also limited in an important way. The bill defines a “covered motor vehicle” in a way that excludes covered farm vehicles and commercial motor vehicles, as those terms are