It’s a question federal cybersecurity officials are confronting as investigators uncover the scale of China-linked cyber operations targeting American telecommunications networks, government systems, and critical infrastructure.

In September 2025, the U.S. Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency and international partners warned that Chinese state-sponsored cyber actors had targeted networks worldwide.

U.S. officials, meanwhile, maintain that the cyber operations identified through their investigations pose a threat to American networks and national security.

Sources: U.S. Department of Justice, FBI, National Security Agency, Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency, and Reuters.

Editor’s note: This article covers multiple China-linked cyber operations and the October 8, 2026, federal enforcement action.