Under a decision signed on May 13 by Chairman of the municipal People’s Committee Vu Dai Thang, the master plan covers Hanoi’s entire administrative boundaries spanning approximately 3,359.84 square kilometers. The plan outlines a development model based on a "multi-layered, multi-polar and multi-center" urban structure, with the Red River positioned as the city's principal ecological and cultural landscape axis. Hanoi is expected to pursue a "compact and green" development approach, while accelerating digital transformation, green transition, circular economy initiatives and climate adaptation. Under the approved roadmap, the capital’s population is projected to reach between 14-15 million by 2035, rising to 15-16 million by 2045 and 17-19 million by 2065, with the long-term figure capped at no more than 20 million. | Nhat Tan Bridge crossing the Red River in Hanoi. Photo by VnExpress/Ngoc Thanh | Urban land designated for construction is set to account for approximately 55-60% of Hanoi's total natural area by 2065, while the remaining land will be reserved for green corridors, forests and ecological spaces. By 2035, Hanoi aims to become a green, smart and modern city, as well as an important regional center for finance, commerce and innovation. Its gross regional domestic product (GRDP) is expected to reach approximately US$200 billion, with per capita GRDP exceeding $18,800. By 2045, the capital aspires to become one of the Asia-Pacific's leading innovation hubs, before evolving into a global city with life quality and happiness among the world's highest by 2065. One of the plan's most notable features is its emphasis on developing cultural industries and tourism into key economic sectors. Hanoi aims for cultural industries to contribute around 10% of GRDP by 2035, 12% by 2045 and 15-20% by 2065. The city also intends to strengthen its identity as a "creative city" while promoting the cultural heritage of