Karnal Smart City spans 87 square kilometre (sq km) and recorded a population of 357,334 in the 2011 census, with an estimated population of 1,505,324.
A sex ratio of 996 females per 1,000 males and administration across 20 wards support balanced urban planning.
Agriculture remains central, with Karnal known for rice, wheat and milk production and home to the National Dairy Research Institute, the Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, the Wheat Research Directorate and the Sugarcane Breeding Institute.
Urban planning emphasises sustainability through transit-oriented development, pedestrian-friendly zones and mixed-use hubs that reduce congestion and carbon intensity.
The Smart City programme aims to model sustainable urban transformation in Haryana.