The global autonomous driving market is rapidly expanding. In the United States, companies like Waymo are accumulating extensive operational data through their robo-taxi services, while Tesla is advancing its Full Self-Driving (FSD) technology. In China, the government is promoting infrastructure development and regulatory easing to expand its driverless taxi services. South Korea is also working to establish regulations and infrastructure for the commercialization of Level 4 autonomous vehicles by 2027, including the operation of nationwide pilot zones and the creation of autonomous driving demonstration cities. To effectively respond to the commercialization of autonomous vehicles, discussions regarding the liability framework are essential. Given that most compensation for damages occurs through auto insurance, it is crucial to reform the insurance system. Understanding the stages of autonomous driving technology is a necessary first step. Currently, advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS) are at Levels 1 and 2, where the human driver remains in control. In contrast, from Level 3 onward, the autonomous driving system takes over driving responsibilities, and at Level 4 and above, full autonomy is possible without driver intervention under specific conditions (Operational Design Domain, ODD). Ultimately, at Levels 4 and above, the key issue becomes determining who is liable when an accident occurs. In response, major countries are establishing new liability frameworks. The United Kingdom, Germany, and Japan are defining the obligations and responsibilities of manufacturers and operators during autonomous operations and are reforming related regulations. Observing these developments suggests that the focus of liability is shifting from individual drivers to system operators in the autonomous driving era. However, most discussions are centered around corporate-operated services like robo-taxis and autonomous shuttles, indicating that further examination is needed regarding the liability framework for privately owned autonomous vehicles. From the insurance industry's perspective, changes in liability are as significant as changes in accident risk.