The vehicle is now transporting goods between a Lidl warehouse and distribution centre and one of the retailer’s stores in Germany.

Einride said the truck is handling real goods according to Lidl’s operational schedules on a route that includes public roads.

Lidl plans multi-stop autonomous route The current operation links a Lidl logistics facility directly with a store, but the partners already intend to expand the route.

Thomas Dangelmayer, head of operational logistics at Lidl Germany, said the retailer was examining “step by step” how such systems could be incorporated into its site logistics.

Einride and Lidl say the technology could ultimately help address driver shortages, maintain continuity of deliveries and increase supply-chain resilience.