Another rule in the strategy places quantum key distribution, the physics-based encryption approach China has pursued since 2016, on the strategy’s list of prohibited technologies.
Post-quantum cryptography is software designed to resist quantum computing factorization involved in new forms of cryptanalysis.
One such approach is quantum key distribution, known as Quantum Key Distribution (QKD), a physics-based method distinct from software-based post-quantum cryptography.
The DoW will likely deploy a form of hybrid encryption that combines classical and post-quantum encryption in parallel.
The National Quantum Initiative Reauthorization Act, advancing through Congress in 2026, directs federal agencies to study quantum communication corridors linking national laboratories and universities.