The story so far: The Supreme Court on Tuesday (August 18, 2026) said it will examine the “proportionality” of the use of facial recognition system (FRS) deployed during the students’ protest in the national capital last month after the Delhi Police in an affidavit admitted to its use. The police said that “FRS does not automatically capture, create, generate, or maintain profiles of every individual present at the protest site, nor is it deployed for indiscriminate surveillance or collection of personal information of peaceful protesters unless he has a previous criminal record,” and assured that the use of the technology was “legitimate, bona fide, and proportionate policing measure”. However, the very nature of the system and its possibilities that, if left unchecked, could have extreme implications for public behaviour in the country is concerning. How does facial recognition work? While the use of the AI-powered product of machine learning to monitor a mass gathering is something new for many, facial recognition has been part of the everyday life of human beings around the world for some time. From screen locks in mobile phones to contactless air travel with DIGI Yatra initative, Indian are getting increasingly exposed to various degrees of FRS. The use of the technology can be broadly classified into two avenues, verification and identification. The most common use that has been incorporated into daily lives is verification where the system confirms the identity of a person from previously provided datasets, like in the case of mobile phone security systems. In case of identification processes, the system scans the distinguishable features of people and runs it against a database to determine their identity without them having to reveal it. Verification using FRS is voluntary while identification may or may not be done with the consent of those under the