LOS ANGELES — Driverless cars haven't always obeyed the rules of the road but, unlike vehicles with humans behind the wheel, they've gotten away with it. That's about to change. A slew of statewide autonomous vehicle regulations based on Assembly Bill 1777 will go into effect July 1 — including a process for law enforcement to issue a "notice of AV noncompliance," the California Department of Motor Vehicles announced Tuesday. Here's how this new law will work, and what other rules self-driving vehicle manufacturers will soon have to follow. Where the rubber and robots meet the road The new regulation was developed "to address the gap in how moving violations are handled for autonomous vehicles," said Jonathan Groveman, a DMV spokesperson. Although California is home to several autonomous vehicle operators, the most expansive at this point is Waymo — which has driverless robotaxis navigating passengers around the San Francisco Bay Area and dozens of cities in Los Angeles County. Seven months ago, a self-driving Waymo made an illegal U-turn at a traffic light right in front of police officers in San Bruno. The image of an officer peering into the empty driver's seat of the offending vehicle may have been good for a chuckle, but other incidents have been no laughing matter. Situations such as a Waymo failing to stop for a school bus in Atlanta or striking a child in Santa Monica highlighted how law enforcement officers couldn't carry out traditional traffic enforcement with driverless cars. According to previous state law, traffic violations were issued to a human driver "to address driving behavior," and were "applied to that individual's driver license," Groveman said in an email. "Because autonomous vehicles do not have a human driver — and existing citations must be issued to a licensed person — the law