Space security once relied on obscurity, but new space, COTS, digitalisation, and big data disrupted that model.

The result is greater availability of information about satellite systems, limited CTI, and lower barriers to attack, which creates insecurity-by-transparency.

Poirier identified why space cybersecurity requires greater transparency and collaboration.

Attackers have growing access to enabling information about space technologies, while defenders still lack cyber threat intelligence and systematic information sharing.

Poirier said the space industry has begun adapting traditional cyber threat intelligence tools to the constraints of space systems.