May 26, 2026 The Entanglement Edge U.S. Strategic Priorities in Quantum Networking Executive Summary Quantum networking—technologies that use the laws of physics to transmit quantum states between nodes—is an underappreciated but potentially consequential dimension of U.S.-China quantum competition. If harnessed at scale, quantum networking could accelerate the path to useful quantum computers by linking processors into more powerful systems; enhance the precision of sensors critical to navigation, surveillance, and scientific discovery; and potentially secure sensitive communications against eavesdropping. In practice, however, quantum networking remains nascent and far from delivering on this potential. Some first-generation versions are commercially available but substantially limited in capability, while the more advanced applications are still confined to research and early prototypes. Distinguishing between diverse quantum networking technologies—in both their maturity and strategic value—is critical for evaluating and strengthening the United States’ position in this field. If harnessed at scale, quantum networking could accelerate the path to useful quantum computers. This report assesses the national security and economic implications of quantum networking, compares U.S. and Chinese strategies and progress, and offers recommendations to sustain U.S. leadership in high-impact applications. It analyzes application areas in secure communications (specifically quantum key distribution, or QKD), distributed quantum computing, and distributed quantum sensing, along with their technical requirements. Its findings underscore that quantum networking is not a single technology but a set of distinct use cases with different value propositions, timelines, and infrastructure needs, demanding a discerning policy approach. Key Findings Linking quantum computing modules within data centers is the most pressing and consequential application of quantum networking. Quantum computing companies across hardware modalities identify modular interconnections—links enabling separate processors to function as a single, more powerful system—as essential for scaling to the performance levels needed for high-impact applications from materials discovery to cryptanalysis. Unlike other quantum networking applications, whose