He argued that Chinese EV companies such as BYD and Geely could create similar competitive pressure by pushing U.S. automakers to build better, less expensive electric cars.

Broad worries about data collection do not fully explain why Chinese vehicles are being singled out.

Smith also pointed to Chinese battery progress, including one that boasts 745 miles on a single charge and solid-state technology.

He argued that excluding Chinese companies from the U.S. market could leave American communities waiting longer for low-cost, low-pollution transportation.

What happens with Chinese EV imports may help decide who sets the pace for the next era of carmaking.