Waymo's $5 Billion First-Ever Debt Raise Signals a Robotaxi Land Grab, Not a Science Project

That Waymo could pull this off signals a level of institutional confidence that none of its competitors have matched.

Waymo has been testing in the city since 2025, with its vehicles supervised by trained Nihon Kotsu crew members.

Brulte added that motion sickness is a real issue with Zoox vehicles.

The City Council voted 7-6 to effectively ban autonomous vehicles by requiring a human in the driver's seat at all times—a union-driven effort.

Everyone else—Uber's London partners, Zoox, Tesla, Wayve—is being measured against a standard that most have not yet met.