Europe’s critical infrastructure faces new cyber risks because it is becoming more connected and data-driven, exposing it to threats it was never designed to face.
As IT and OT systems converge, remote monitoring, data platforms and central control rooms are linking operational systems to wider networks.
At the same time, much of this infrastructure will remain in service for years to come and cannot simply be replaced so it must be protected as it is.
AI and quantum technologies are also changing the pace of threats.
AI can help attackers find and exploit weaknesses faster, while advances in quantum computing are expected to challenge the encryption that protects many systems today.