Are the mariners equipped to handle modern cybersecurity threats like GPS spoofing?

Thirteen participants said that standard cybersecurity training was largely irrelevant to their shipboard duties, and 14 reported receiving no mission-specific cybersecurity training.

Eighteen participants said their training did not distinguish between traditional information technology and operational technology, such as navigation and propulsion systems.

Seventeen participants described their cybersecurity training as absent, low quality, or a low priority.

The team examined three hypothetical scenarios: GPS spoofing, loss of propulsion control in a high-traffic area, and failure of electronic navigation systems in a congested channel at night.