The cooling system must also accommodate the connections that control the chips and carry their signals, while maintaining temperatures only a small fraction of a degree above absolute zero.
The helium is circulated, not burned Bluefors describes its dilution refrigerators as closed-loop systems using a helium-3 and helium-4 mixture.
The company reported substantially more wiring space in each new vacuum enclosure than in its most widely used quantum systems.
Base temperature, cooling capacity and space for integration answer different questions about its usefulness.
Those questions connect helium-3 supply to equipment that engineers can specify, and operators can plan for.