photo: The Holland Times With the 13th World Urban Forum (WUF13) set to take place in Baku from 17-22 May 2026, Azerbaijan is preparing to present its urban transformation journey on a global stage. The country’s cities embody a unique continuity-linking ancient settlement traditions with the rapid modernization of the industrial era and an emerging vision of smart, sustainable urban development. As one of the world’s key platforms for dialogue on urban futures, WUF13 will highlight issues such as resilience, housing, and sustainable growth-challenges increasingly shared across regions, including Europe and the Netherlands, The Caspian Post reports via foreign media. A Deep Urban Legacy: From Rock Art to Medieval Cities Azerbaijan’s urban story begins thousands of years ago, rooted in some of the earliest traces of human civilization. The archaeological landscape of Gobustan preserves prehistoric rock engravings that document early human life, creativity, and settlement patterns. Recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, Gobustan illustrates the depth of Azerbaijan’s cultural foundations and its long-standing relationship between people and landscape. The medieval period further shaped the country’s urban identity. The historic core of Icherisheher (Old City) of Baku,enclosed within fortified walls, stands as one of the most significant heritage ensembles in the region. Monuments such as Maiden Tower and the Palace of the Shirvanshahs reflect a synthesis of architectural traditions shaped by centuries of trade, cultural exchange, and political continuity. Cities such as Shamakhi, Ganja, Shaki, and Shusha developed sophisticated urban systems centered around caravanserais, marketplaces, mosques, and bathhouses. These cities were not only commercial hubs but also early examples of human-centered planning, featuring neighbourhood structures, water systems, and integrated public spaces. The mountain settlement of Lahij is notable for its preserved urban fabric and early engineering solutions, including advanced water and sanitation systems dating back more than a millennium. This