We’ve covered cars and privacy a few times before, especially after Mozilla researchers described cars as a “privacy nightmare.”

The results reinforce an uncomfortable reality: connected vehicles are data-collection platforms on wheels.

The results in a nutshell: Both vehicles and companion apps contacted third-party domains, including those associated with advertising and tracking.

But consumers should not need an academic study to discover who their car or its app is sharing data with.

Review app permissions, turn off optional data-sharing settings, avoid linking unnecessary accounts, and ask manufacturers what data they retain, share, and delete.