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War Department Details Post-<b>Quantum</b> Cryptography Roadmap

War Department Details Post-Quantum Cryptography Roadmap The Pentagon is accelerating PQC adoption across military networks, weapons systems and the defense industrial base under a new strategy. The War Department’s first enterprise-wide strategy to transition military systems to post-quantum cryptography (PQC) sets firm deadlines to secure high-impact national security systems by 2030 and the broader force by 2031 as quantum computing threatens today’s encryption. The strategy outlined how the department will deploy quantum-resistant cryptography across military networks, command-and-control systems and weapons platforms. It followed one day after President Donald Trump’s June 22 executive orders on quantum innovation and national security. “Empowering the warfighter is the relentless objective that drives every program,” Pentagon CIO Kirsten Davies said in the strategy’s accompanying fact sheet. “To deliver on Secretary [Pete] Hegseth’s vision of the most lethal and dominant military force in the world, our networks must be impenetrable.” While practical quantum computers remain years away, officials warn adversaries could already be collecting encrypted military communications with plans to decrypt them once the technology matures — a threat commonly known as “harvest now, decrypt later.” The strategy aims to replace today’s vulnerable public-key encryption with quantum-resistant algorithms before that happens. Experts say national security systems must begin the transition now because migrating cryptographic infrastructure across the Defense Department will take years. “If there are other nations that get ahead of us as far as post-quantum cryptography is concerned, they have a head start in terms of security,” Prathibha Rama, computer engineer at Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, said during CyberScape: The Federal Cybersecurity Summit in April. “They won’t have to worry about it in five to 10 years down the line when quantum computers are around. We’ll be behind.” DOW’s Enterprise Migration Strategy The plan establishes five priorities for the department’s transition: - Centralized

Tennessee attracting <b>quantum</b> teams with $3M fund | Interests | kpvi.com

(The Center Square) – Tennessee officials are establishing a $3 million funding commitment to attract quantum computing teams to the state, according to the governor's office. The program announced Monday would provide National Science Foundation X-Labs quantum teams up to $3 million, workforce development, and partnerships with state industries, national laboratories, universities and utilities, the governor's office said. Gov. Bill Lee added a separate $43 million to the fiscal year 2027 budget to "accelerate Tennessee’s quantum computing industry by attracting substantial federal and private-sector investment and to translate our scientific strengths into durable, high-wage job creation across advanced manufacturing, life sciences, and logistics industries." “Over the past few years, Tennessee has earned the reputation as having one of the strongest quantum ecosystems in the country,” Lee said in a statement. “This investment will help ensure that the companies developing tomorrow's quantum technologies will choose our state to grow, cultivate high-quality jobs and bring new innovations.” The state's economic arm for startups, known as LaunchTN, is giving companies that are awarded National Science Foundation X-Labs grants priority for matching state funds, according to the governor's office. “Tennessee is uniquely positioned to help quantum companies move from breakthrough research to real-world deployment,” said Deputy Governor and Economic and Community Development Commissioner Stuart McWhorter. “We’re shifting our economic development strategy from simply recruiting projects to orchestrating ecosystems where companies and innovators can access the partners, infrastructure, and talent they need to succeed, and today’s announcement signals a clear message that we’re ready to do so.” The National Science Foundation, a federal agency, defines quantum technologies as those that "make use of quantum properties (such as entanglement and superposition) found in particles of matter and energy, like atoms and photons. This allows quantum sensors to detect finer details and quantum computers to potentially solve

DOE's Northeastern &amp; Brookhaven Lab Expand <b>Quantum Computing</b> Toolkit

Researchers have developed a new quantum algorithm, the quantum Hermite transform, representing a move beyond the limited number of operations currently available for quantum computers to outperform classical systems. The collaborative effort between the U.S. Department of Energy’s Brookhaven National Laboratory, Northeastern University, Google Quantum AI, and University of Texas at Austin addresses a critical need for more versatile “primitives,” the fundamental building blocks of quantum computation. Hermite transforms are widely used in engineering and physics to describe the energy levels of the quantum harmonic oscillator and also underpin many Gaussian systems common in machine learning and data science, suggesting broad applications for this new capability. “The quantum Hermite transform is a quantum algorithm that implements the Hermite transform on a quantum state,” said Ning Bao, an assistant professor at Northeastern University with a joint appointment in Brookhaven Lab’s Computing and Data Sciences Directorate, whose DOE-funded project initiated the work. Quantum Hermite Transform as a Novel Primitive The development of genuinely useful quantum algorithms remains a significant hurdle in realizing the promise of quantum computing; currently, the field suffers from a limited number of standardized operations, or “primitives,” capable of delivering a quantum advantage. This innovation isn’t simply a quantum analogue of a classical mathematical tool, but a structurally distinct primitive poised to expand the scope of quantum computation, particularly in areas like artificial intelligence. Historically, performing these transforms on quantum computers has been inefficient. The team overcame this obstacle by designing a quantum circuit that executes the transform with logarithmic overhead, a substantial improvement even for large quantum states. This circuit leverages precise approximations of Hermite functions and a technique to the harmonic oscillator, allowing quantum computers to rapidly calculate future states. Combined with novel methods for configuring qubits, the quantum Hermite transform emerges as a practical and precise

NVIDIA Ising Decoding Cuts Color Code Logical Error Rates by Over 300X

Useful quantum computers will require fault tolerant logical operations. Researchers are actively exploring many different quantum error correction (QEC) codes to enable this, improving the Logical Error Rates (LER) of Quantum Processing Units (QPUs). While it is well understood how to run logical operations with surface codes (which belong to the topological code family) via lattice surgery, they are qubit efficient for memory but suboptimal relative to other topological codes for performing fault-tolerant logical computation. Quantum low-density parity-check (QLDPC) codes are another type of QEC scheme that require the least physical qubits for memory due to their constant rates. However, it is still unclear how both Clifford and non-Clifford gates can be performed efficiently at the logical level with QLDPC codes. Color Codes are another type of topological code that are well understood. Although they require more physical qubits for memory than surface codes to achieve the same target logical failure rate, they can perform logical gates more efficiently than surface codes due to their ability to do all Clifford gates transversally and the symmetry of their representation resulting in simpler lattice surgery operations. With fast and accurate decoders, it is likely that parameter regimes exist where logic with color codes could be more efficient than logic with surface codes. Given that decoding color codes is much harder than decoding surface codes, color codes have historically been shelved due to a lack of fast and accurate decoders, which enable users to leverage these codes in real time. NVIDIA Ising Decoder ColorCode 1 Fast is designed to accelerate and improve the LER of color code decoders, enabling more than 347.7x better LER, and 7.3x faster runtime compared with the state of the art color code decoder Chromobius for d=31 and physical error rate of 0.3%. Such results bring color codes back

Science Policy This Week: July 6, 2026

NSF to bar research collaborations with restricted foreign entities The National Science Foundation announced last week that it plans to introduce a new policy prohibiting the use of NSF funds for research in collaboration with entities that the Department of Defense and other agencies have flagged as national security risks. The policy refers to lists of entities that include many Chinese companies, such as telecommunications giant Huawei, and some Chinese universities. The forthcoming policy, which NSF plans to implement in fiscal year 2027, alongside the agency’s new financial assistance guidance, would also prohibit leading researchers on NSF awards from holding appointments with, or receiving research support from, any restricted entities. When the policy goes into effect, institutions submitting NSF proposals will be required to certify compliance with the new requirements and will be responsible for ensuring researchers are informed of the changes. NSF’s current research security risk mitigation measures are “not sufficient,” the agency said in the Dear Colleague Letter announcing the policy. The agency also said that aligning its approach with the Department of Defense’s research collaboration rules (which were introduced earlier this year) would promote consistency and reduce administrative burden. Republicans on the House Committee on the CCP, who have pushed for tighter restrictions on research collaboration, welcomed NSF’s announcement, with Chairman John Moolenaar (R-MI) describing the changes as “commendable and commonsense” policy reforms. “Prohibiting federal funding from being used to collaborate with Chinese entities that are national security risks or human rights abusers is straightforward and all federal agencies should follow the lead of the Pentagon and NSF,” Moolenaar said. In his statement, Moolenaar called on Congress to pass the Securing Innovation and Research from Adversaries Act – a bill he introduced in May that would codify similar rules and apply them across the federal government. The

US <b>quantum computing</b> needs a national buyer

US quantum computing needs a national buyer Subscribe to unlock this article Try unlimited access Only $1 for 4 weeksThen $75 per month. Complete digital access to quality FT journalism on any device. Cancel anytime during your trial. Explore more offers. Standard Digital $45 per month Essential digital access to quality FT journalism on any device. Pay a year upfront and save 20%. Premium Digital Complete coverage $75 per month Complete digital access to quality FT journalism with expert analysis from industry leaders. Pay a year upfront and save 20%. Premium & FT Weekend Print $79 per month FT Weekend newspaper delivered Saturday plus complete digital access. Check whether you already have access via your university or organisation. Terms & Conditions apply Explore our full range of subscriptions. For individuals Discover all the plans currently available in your country For multiple readers Digital access for organisations. Includes exclusive features and content. Why the FT? See why over a million readers pay to read the Financial Times.

Containing multitudes: SLAC scientist collaborates to create scalable qubits

Containing multitudes: SLAC scientist collaborates to create scalable qubits Developing quantum dots for next-generation science News Room Studying an object with zero dimensions takes serious creativity. Consider the singularity — a point packed with infinite energy that sparked the Big Bang. Or the humble mathematical point, an abstract but indispensable fixture in space-time. Grasping a thing that has no size or shape demands imagination and rigor. Or take qubits. Manipulating these zero-dimensional, information-carrying ripples in quantum space requires mental and manual dexterity. Yet those who work on qubits seldom tout the rich set of skills they bring to bear on their research. The scientific endeavor’s many creative dimensions are what drew Shannon Harvey to the work of finessing these dimensionless bits of information. “What I love about working in quantum information is that we can use today’s technologies to play with nature’s quantum features, something that until recently would have seemed incredible,” said Harvey, a scientist at the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. “I really thrive on the multifaceted nature of this research, solving and coming up with problems by embedding myself in the experimental details and trying to understand how they all fit together. For me, scientific exploration involves reading and writing papers, solving math problems, even soldering and welding. Often within the same day.” Harvey brings her multifaceted set of skills to Q-NEXT, a DOE National Quantum Information Science Research Center led by DOE’s Argonne National Laboratory in partnership with SLAC. A national research hub, Q-NEXT aims to coax nature’s quantum features into sharing information over distances large and small. It’s a collaborative effort that’s helped by a knack for futzing with particles. The particle of Harvey’s attention is a type of qubit called a quantum dot. Picture an electron, a tiny ripple bopping

The Aspirations Of HPE And Dell In The <b>Quantum</b>-Classical HPC Datacenter

The Aspirations Of HPE And Dell In The Quantum-Classical HPC Datacenter There are any number of ways to track the expanding development of quantum computing, from the strides being made in error-corrected qubits – logical qubits – and fault-tolerant systems to the software and algorithms cropping up around them. Another way is look at the work traditional hardware OEMs are putting into collaborating with quantum computing vendors and getting the necessary infrastructure in order for hybrid quantum-classical HPC datacenters. Such hybrid datacenters going to be what will bridge the gap between theoretical vision of quantum computing and the practical use by enterprises. As we have previously covered, Cisco Systems is accelerating its work in creating the vendor-neutral networking layer for quantum computing, from developing the architecture to its Universal Quantum Switch prototype, unveiled in April. Nvidia clearly sees a quantum future where QPUs share the stage with GPUs and CPUs, along with the quantum-focused product lineup it’s putting together. “We don’t build quantum computers, and yet we are deeply integrated into the quantum computing industry and we create libraries,” Nvidia co-founder and chief executive officer Jensen Huang said last year. “CUDA-Q is the programming model for hybrid classical accelerated quantum. We have cuQuantum, libraries that help you simulate quantum circuits, and DGX-Quantum, to do error correction in quantum computers. We partner with them, we support them, we help them in any possible way.” More recently, at their respective user conferences, both HPE and Dell gave quantum computing a greater presence than in past events, putting a spotlight on everything from partnerships to architecture for the hybrid datacenters as well as the cloud to expectations of how quantum computing will roll out. At its Discover 2026 show last month, HPE announced partnerships with Intel, IQM Quantum Computers, Quantinuum, QuEra, and Rigetti,

Adaptive Circuit Cuts <b>Quantum</b> Simulation Depth For Open Systems

Researchers have developed an algorithm that reduces the computational demands of simulating complex, real-world quantum systems on current quantum hardware. The team reports a method for simulating Lindbladian dynamics, the behavior of open quantum systems subject to environmental noise, by compressing the quantum circuits needed to represent these systems. For open quantum systems with Pauli dissipations, the algorithm utilizes a depth-adaptive parameterized quantum circuit trained to replace computationally expensive steps, effectively shortening the simulation time. This training procedure offers an advantage for near-term, resource-constrained devices, providing a practical route toward ancilla-free and depth-reduced simulation of open quantum systems. Pauli dissipations present a specific challenge in modeling open quantum systems, and researchers have devised an algorithm to address this mechanism with a compact mixed-unitary adjoint channel. This approach allows for ancilla-free implementation through trajectory sampling, a significant advantage given the limited qubit availability on current noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices. The team reports deriving a stable approximation to accurately represent the dissipative dynamics inherent in these systems. This compression strategy minimizes the circuit depth needed to simulate quantum trajectories, addressing a key bottleneck for NISQ-era quantum simulation. The training process for this compression framework can be completed, bypassing the need for additional quantum resources often required by other algorithms. Numerical simulations using the dissipative quantum XY model demonstrate both the accuracy and efficiency gains of this new method, offering a practical route toward simulating complex open quantum systems. The challenge of modeling open quantum systems on near-term devices continues to drive algorithmic innovation; current limitations stem from both the non-unitary nature of dissipation and the finite resources of available quantum processors. Researchers are now focusing on methods to efficiently simulate these systems, specifically targeting Pauli dissipations with a newly developed algorithm that utilizes a compact and stable mixed-unitary adjoint channel to

A 200-year-old physics experiment could help build future <b>computers</b> | ScienceDaily

A 200-year-old physics experiment could help build future computers A 200-year-old light phenomenon has given scientists a surprisingly simple way to create futuristic light structures that could help shape tomorrow's computing technologies. - Date: - July 13, 2026 - Source: - Nanyang Technological University - Summary: - Scientists at Nanyang Technological University in Singapore have discovered a surprisingly simple way to create exotic light structures called optical skyrmions using a 200-year-old optical effect known as the Poisson spot. Instead of relying on expensive, highly engineered materials, they simply shine a laser at a tiny circular disc, producing stable swirling patterns in light that researchers believe could one day help power advanced data storage, communications, and computing technologies. - Share: Scientists at Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (NTU Singapore) have found a much simpler way to produce unusual light structures known as optical skyrmions by reviving a classic optics experiment that dates back more than 200 years. Optical skyrmions are tiny, stable swirling patterns formed within the properties of light. Their structure has often been compared to the spines of a hedgehog. Because they can potentially encode and store information, researchers see them as promising building blocks for future data storage, communications, and computing technologies. Instead of relying on expensive, highly engineered metamaterials that have traditionally been needed to generate optical skyrmions, the NTU team created them by shining a laser at a small circular disc. The approach provides a far simpler way to produce, study, and control these complex light structures. The findings, published in the journal Optica, were led by Nanyang Assistant Professor Shen Yijie from NTU's School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences and School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering. "What is remarkable is that optical skyrmions can now be generated using a simple effect where light bends around an

Physicists say <b>quantum</b> mechanics may not need imaginary numbers after all | ScienceDaily

Physicists say quantum mechanics may not need imaginary numbers after all - Date: - July 13, 2026 - Source: - Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf - Summary: - Physicists from Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf (HHU) have examined a fundamental property of quantum mechanics in collaboration with the German Aerospace Center (DLR). In the scientific journal Physical Review Letters, they show that this theory does not necessarily need to be formulated with imaginary numbers – real numbers can in fact also be used. The American Physical Society has also dedicated a “Highlight” to these findings in its Physics Magazine. - Share: Quantum mechanics is the branch of physics that explains how matter and energy behave at the atomic and sub atomic scale. Developed in the early 1900s by pioneers including Max Planck, Niels Bohr, Werner Heisenberg, and Erwin Schrödinger, it has become one of the most successful scientific theories ever created. The theory accurately describes a wide range of microscopic phenomena. These include the famous double slit experiment, in which particles also display wave like behavior, and quantum tunneling, where particles have a probability of passing through a barrier even when they do not have enough energy to overcome it in the classical sense. Other key quantum effects, such as entanglement and coherence, now form the foundation of emerging technologies including quantum computing and quantum communication. Are Complex Numbers Really Essential? For decades, quantum mechanics has relied on complex numbers, which combine a real component with an imaginary component. In the mathematical description of a quantum state, the real part represents the amplitude, while the imaginary part represents the phase. This framework has long been considered essential for describing many quantum processes. Even so, physicists have continued to debate whether complex numbers are truly a fundamental part of nature or simply a convenient

Rajat Taneja on building Visa's defense for the agentic era

- | 10:00 am Rajat Taneja on building Visa’s defense for the agentic era Visa's President of Technology on fraud models, VVAH, and getting ahead of the quantum threat Every fraud model Visa runs is built to keep moving. As commerce shifts toward agents transacting on a person’s behalf, that constant evolution faces its biggest test yet, one where the credential being protected is no longer just a card, but the authority a person has handed to a piece of software. Rajat Taneja, President of Technology at Visa, spoke to Fast Company Middle East in an exclusive conversation on the eve of the Visa Payments Forum in Paris, the company’s flagship European gathering held at the Paris Convention Center on July 1 and 2. He outlined how Visa is reshaping its technology stack to address a rapidly evolving threat environment, from fraud detection and the newly public Visa Vulnerability Agentic Harness, or VVAH, to preparing for the impact quantum computing could eventually have on encryption. Taneja also discussed the changes that occur when consumers delegate authority to AI agents, how Visa is using AI to defend against increasingly sophisticated attacks, and why cybersecurity and payment security are converging. ADAPTIVE FRAUD DEFENSE Fraud models at Visa are never static, Taneja says, comparing them to living systems that train and adapt continuously as new scams emerge around whatever is trending at the time. “Think of them as living organisms. They are AI-based, and they’re constantly training, learning, and evolving,” he says. “Just like the bad guys are changing their techniques and using technology in new and different ways, there are scams that take birth based on topical use cases that are happening.” That same dynamism extends to agentic commerce, where data and underlying mathematics are continually fine-tuned to keep pace with attackers.

QAI Ventures launches first cohort of its Singapore <b>Quantum</b> Accelerator

QAI Ventures launched the inaugural cohort of its Singapore Quantum Accelerator, a five-month program that aims to accelerate quantum and advanced computing ventures into the APAC market and is backed by Enterprise Singapore. “Singapore made an early and patient bet on quantum, and that foundation is now translating into a commercial opportunity that is maturing,” said Alexandra Beckstein, CEO of QAI Ventures. “This cohort brings together some of the most technically advanced startups in the world, and our job is to help them build businesses that compete globally from Singapore.” Singapore Quantum Accelerator Four deep-tech startups have been selected from QAI Ventures’ inaugural Singapore cohort, out of 63 applications from 12 countries, all aiming to enter the APAC market. Each receives a SGD 300,000 investment package, in-person masterclasses, coaching, and access to QAI Ventures’ worldwide network. The four companies include: - Quantum Logic (Netherlands): A computer chip maker for quantum computers - Qualia Therapeutics (Armenia): Creator of AI-powered tools to help treat certain brain conditions (stroke, depression) - QPICs (United States): maker of Quantum Photonic Integrated Circuits, tiny chips that use light to send data - Regenesis Materials (Indonesia): the company that turns trash into sustainable materials and installs ocean barriers to prevent ocean plastic pollution “Singapore has built a strong foundation in quantum science and deep-tech innovation. The next phase is to build globally competitive, best-in-class quantum companies. By complementing QAI Ventures’ venture-building efforts with a dedicated accelerator in Singapore, this program creates a launchpad for international quantum startups entering the region, while giving local founders the networks, capital and commercial support to scale from Singapore into Asia and beyond,” said Sophia Ng, executive director, Startup Ecosystem, Enterprise Singapore.

New Memory ETFs Look to Cache In on DRAM's Historic Success

Sign up for exclusive news and analysis of the rapidly evolving ETF landscape. Let’s take a trip down memory lane. The Roundhill Memory ETF (DRAM) made history after its April launch, attracting more than $23 billion of net flows, the fastest exchange-traded fund to pull such numbers. The fund gives investors hard-to-find access to the biggest names in the memory chip manufacturing industry, including Korean companies that were previously difficult to invest in directly. Since then, several other memory funds have launched, with differing strategies all looking to grab a piece of the action. While the segment has been one of the best performers of the year, the recent US listing of Korean chipmaker SK Hynix may siphon some assets that would have otherwise flowed into these ETFs. “SK Hynix, maybe, changes the game,” said Todd Rosenbluth, head of research at VettaFi, now that investors can buy the stock directly. “A lot of money went into space ETFs in advance of SpaceX listing, and some of that money has flowed out because it was short-term investments.” Cache Me If You Can Artificial intelligence relies on massive amounts of memory to power large language models, and as models improve, they need more of it to process data in real time. Three companies dominate memory chip manufacturing: Micron, the only American player, and Korean rivals Samsung and SK Hynix. The high demand has created a bottleneck in the AI infrastructure buildout. “These three companies have extreme pricing power,” said Howard Chan, CEO and co-founder of Kurv, which recently launched its own memory ETF. “Because of this huge demand, supply for most of what they call HBM, high-bandwidth memory, has been sold out until the end of 2027. Flows will continue to come into the space because this bottleneck isn’t an issue that’s

Institut D'Optique Graduate School: Researchers Develop <b>Quantum</b> Codes For Efficient Non ...

Scientists at the University of Bordeaux, Jean Gasnier and Virgile Guémard, have investigated a new approach to quantum error correction utilising quantum group codes derived from classical quasi-group codes. They demonstrate a framework supporting transversal multi-control-$Z$ gates that are both addressable and parallelizable, enabling efficient implementation of circuits utilising non-Clifford gates. A lifting procedure constructs quantum group codes with improved decoding complexity, featuring a quasi-quadratic time decoder compared to the cubic-time decoders of previous quantum AG codes, and enhanced parallelizability of logical multi-control-$Z$ gates. These advancements promise a near-linear reduction in the time complexity of current magic-state distillation protocols. Quasi-quadratic decoding unlocks scalable quantum error correction and faster distillation protocols Decoding complexity for quantum group codes has been reduced to quasi-quadratic time, representing a substantial leap in efficiency. Prior cubic-time decoders severely limited the size of codes practically implementable, hindering the scalability of quantum error correction and restricting the complexity of quantum algorithms that could be reliably executed. The computational cost of decoding scales rapidly with the size of the quantum code and the number of qubits involved; a cubic-time decoder implies that doubling the code size increases the decoding time by a factor of eight. This presents a significant bottleneck for building large-scale, fault-tolerant quantum computers. A novel lifting procedure, applied to classical algebraic geometry (AG) codes, overcomes this significant bottleneck. AG codes are a well-established class of classical error-correcting codes known for their strong performance and relatively simple decoding algorithms. The lifting procedure effectively translates the properties of these classical codes into the quantum realm, creating quantum group codes with favourable characteristics. The resultant codes support transversal multi-control-Z gates, crucial for universal quantum computation, and exhibit enhanced parallelizability, allowing for faster execution of complex quantum circuits. Transversality is a key property, meaning that the gate can be applied

DNA Origami Device Secures Messages with Nano-Morse Code

The proof-of-concept device hides nano-Morse messages inside tubular DNA structures, then uses molecular keys and AFM imaging to verify and decode them. Paper: A multiple-encrypted DNA device for secure communication. Image credit: AI-generated image created using ChatGPT/OpenAI In a recent research article published in the journal Science Advances, researchers developed a laboratory-scale, proof-of-concept multilayer deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) origami encryption device that integrates multiple cryptographic functions to demonstrate confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity within a molecular communication workflow. DNA Cryptography and Nano-Morse The rapid evolution of computing and cryptographic technologies has heightened concerns over conventional data security. Traditional encryption methods, relying largely on complex mathematical problems, could face future threats if sufficiently capable quantum computers and practical quantum algorithms are developed. As a result, alternative molecular-level cryptographic systems have garnered attention. DNA, with its enormous information storage capacity, programmability, and nanostructural versatility, offers a unique platform for secure communication. DNA nanotechnology, especially DNA origami, enables the precise spatial arrangement of molecular features, presenting an opportunity to encode information not only via DNA sequence but also through structural configurations. Integrating multiple encryption protocols into a coherent DNA origami-based communication system, however, poses significant challenges. DNA Origami Encoding Design At the core of this study is the design of a DNA multilayer encryption (DMLE) device that exploits rectangular DNA origami substrates to encode messages as nano-Morse code. The nano-Morse code is established by spatially mapping Morse symbols onto the origami surface. Dots are represented by paired dumbbell-shaped DNA bulge loops anchored on specific staple strands, spaces by vacant regions, and dashes by double-stranded DNA paths formed through localized hybridization chain reactions (HCRs). A comprehensive nano-Morse codebook mapping numerical digits and letters of the alphabet to these structural patterns was created. Multiple rectangular DNA origami substrates bearing encoded symbols were interconnected through elongated staples to

AI is hitting new limits. This tech may hold the solution

Opinion: As AI hits an infrastructure wall, quantum technologies could help Australia seize its next big tech opportunity, argues Petra Andrén. The next phase of the AI economy will be determined more by infrastructure than by algorithms. As AI powers increasingly large and compute-intensive models across logistics, supply chains, finance, and more, its limits will be defined by what we can power, cool, and physically build. Demand for compute, storage, and advanced analytics in data centres around the world is accelerating faster than the infrastructure required to support it. As a result, the economics of digital growth are transforming rapidly, too. For decades, advances in computing came from scaling hardware and improving efficiency. Now, where we can build infrastructure and how quickly we can scale it increasingly shape progress. This in turn determines which regions become or remain competitive. Unless we fundamentally improve how we optimise these complex systems, scaling AI will become more expensive. So too will its demand for energy and physical systems. The good news is that another emerging technology has the potential to address these growing infrastructure requirements. Furthermore, it is in the process of shifting from research-driven capability to practical application. Where quantum comes in Quantum computing uses quantum bits (“qubits”) to solve certain highly complex problems faster than the most powerful classical supercomputers. It could help tackle larger and more complex optimisation and simulation challenges than today’s computers can handle. This is especially the case where they must rely on estimates or shortcuts. In data centres and energy networks, this could change how operators allocate workloads, distribute power and manage systems under stress. In short, it could help run AI infrastructure more efficiently, reliably, and sustainably. But quantum computing is not the only quantum technology that is relevant to AI. Quantum sensing uses quantum

Amgen, Inc. (AMGN) vs Rigetti <b>Computing</b> Inc (RGTI): Price, Performance &amp; Key Differences

Price movement over the last 24 hours Amgen, Inc. vs Rigetti Computing Inc — how do they compare? Amgen, Inc. trades at $363.66 (market cap $196.12B), while Rigetti Computing Inc trades at $16.37 (market cap $5.50B). The key difference: Amgen, Inc. is far larger — about 35.7× Rigetti Computing Inc's market cap, and Amgen, Inc. pays a 2.77% dividend while Rigetti Computing Inc pays none. Which is the better fit depends on your goals. | AMGN | RGTI | | |---|---|---| | Market Cap | $196.12B | $5.50B | | Sector | Health | Technology | | 52-Week High | $388.16 | $56.34 | | 52-Week Low | $271.18 | $12.18 | | Enterprise Value | $241.41B | $5.09B | | Dividend Yield | 2.77% | — | Signals from Pluang's Aura AI — not financial advice AMGN trades at $363.39, down slightly by 0.06% today, with a bullish technical signal from moving averages. The company reported strong Q1 2026 earnings, beating estimates with EPS of $5.15 versus $4.77 expected. Revenue grew to $36.75B in 2025, with a net income margin of 20.96%. Recent news includes a favorable court ruling blocking a price cap on Enbrel in Colorado, but regulatory challenges persist for Tavneos in Europe. The outlook remains positive due to consistent earnings beats and a diversified product portfolio, though risks include regulatory setbacks and competitive pressures. Analyst consensus is bullish with a 57.9% buy rating and a price target of $357.38, slightly below the current price, indicating potential for stability with upside from pipeline developments. Rigetti Computing (RGTI) trades at $16.54, down 2.65% on the day, with a bearish technical signal despite recent earnings beats. The company shows severe financial strain with a net income margin of -2,253.59% and negative cash flow from operations of -$58.54M in 2025,

<b>Quantum</b> harvest-now-decrypt-later threat to NZ data

The breach that has already happened Most New Zealand coverage of quantum computing treats it as a future tech curiosity. That framing is wrong, and dangerously so. The attack is underway right now. It is called harvest now, decrypt later (HNDL), and the model is brutally simple: adversaries, including state-backed actors, are already stealing encrypted data and warehousing it until quantum machines are powerful enough to unlock it. If your business holds anything that must stay confidential for years – customer records, health data, legal files, intellectual property, identity documents – the breach window has already opened. The encryption protecting that data today is not a permanent lock. It is a timer. As Brandon Hutcheson, Director of Quantum at HSO, put it writing for the Institute of Directors, “Quantum computing doesn’t only create new opportunities for breaches – it exposes those you’ve already had.” The stolen data “remains encrypted and unusable, but it becomes readable in the future.” AI just moved the deadline forward The reason this story is live now is the convergence of AI and quantum. AI is being used to help quantum computing clear the technical barriers that once gave security planners a comfortable runway. That runway is collapsing. Google has warned that quantum computers could break some of the cryptographic systems underpinning most internet transactions as early as 2029. The original estimate for so-called Q-Day was 2035. Tellingly, Microsoft has already pulled its own internal quantum-safe transition deadline forward from 2032 to 2029. When the companies building the machines accelerate their own defences, that is the signal that matters. Paul Quickenden, country manager at crypto firm Swyftx, framed the strategic point cleanly: “Quantum is an exponential technology. It’s not a problem until it is.” The sceptic’s line – that no fully capable quantum computer exists yet