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IBM has filed plans to construct a major new quantum computing facility at its campus in Poughkeepsie, New York, marking a significant expansion of its advanced computing infrastructure and reinforcing its long-term investment in quantum technology. According to project filings, the proposed development would add a 511,000-square-foot building to the existing campus. The project includes demolishing two current structures totaling approximately 161,000 square feet to make way for the new facility, which will focus on manufacturing and assembling next-generation quantum systems. The expansion aligns with IBM’s broader roadmap for quantum computing, including plans to introduce its “Starling” system by 2029. The company has said the system is expected to perform up to 20,000 times more operations than today’s quantum computers. The new facility is expected to play a central role in the development of IBM’s future quantum technologies. The Starling system will reportedly be capable of running 100 million quantum operations using 200 logical qubits and will serve as a precursor to the company’s more advanced “Blue Jay” system. Both systems are based on a hexagonal design architecture, with Starling comprising six connected quantum systems, while Blue Jay is expected to include 11 interconnected units and deliver up to 1 billion quantum operations across 2,000 logical qubits. Once completed, the new building could expand the Poughkeepsie campus footprint to approximately 3.9 million square feet across 45 buildings. The project is also expected to create around 200 jobs upon becoming operational. The facility will be designed with a maximum height of 40 feet and will include below-ground construction to accommodate specialized quantum cooling infrastructure without exceeding local height restrictions. Local officials have described the project as a major economic investment for the region. Dutchess County Executive Ron Hicks highlighted the historical significance of IBM’s presence in the area. “This represents one
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A team at the University of Oxford has achieved a significant breakthrough in quantum control by demonstrating quadsqueezing, a fourth-order quantum interaction, for the first time. Published in Nature Physics, the research provides a new methodology for engineering complex interactions in quantum harmonic oscillators—systems that model everything from light waves to molecular vibrations. The Concept of Quantum Squeezing In quantum mechanics, the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle prevents us from knowing certain pairs of properties (like position and momentum) with perfect precision simultaneously. Squeezing is a technique used to “reshape” this uncertainty, making one property extremely precise at the cost of making the other more uncertain. While standard (second-order) squeezing is used in technologies like LIGO to detect gravitational waves, higher-order interactions like trisqueezing (third-order) and quadsqueezing (fourth-order) have remained largely theoretical due to their inherent weakness and susceptibility to noise. Technical Breakthrough: Spin-Mediated Interactions The Oxford team, led by Dr. Oana Băzăvan and Dr. Raghavendra Srinivas, bypassed the limitations of conventional methods by using a hybrid oscillator-spin system. Instead of driving a weak higher-order interaction directly, they utilized a single trapped 88Sr+ ion and applied two non-commuting Spin-Dependent Forces (SDFs). Key technical aspects of the experiment included: - Non-Commutativity: By combining two linear forces that influence each other’s actions, the team generated a new interaction stronger than the sum of its parts. - Speed: The fourth-order quadsqueezing interaction was generated 100 times faster than conventional approaches. - Versatility: By simply adjusting the frequencies and phases of the laser-driven forces, the researchers could switch between squeezing, trisqueezing, and quadsqueezing using the same hardware. Experimental Validation The researchers confirmed the interactions by reconstructing the Wigner functions—a way of visualizing the quantum state in phase space. The measurements revealed distinctive, non-Gaussian shapes that served as a “fingerprint” for second-, third-, and fourth-order squeezing. These
A Reddit discussion about quantum-safe proof-of-control for early Bitcoin addresses has surfaced a real and underexplored tension in crypto markets: how do you manage systemic risk around dormant wallets when the cryptographic assumptions protecting them may not hold indefinitely? The post that sparked the conversation is straightforward enough in concept: rather than requiring Satoshi Nakamoto, or whoever controls the earliest Bitcoin addresses, to actually move coins to prove ownership, a cryptographic mechanism could allow a proof-of-control to be published on-chain without triggering a transaction. No coins move. No market panic. No legal scrutiny attached to a wallet that has been dormant since 2009 and 2010. The idea drew 58 points and 15 comments within four hours of posting on r/CryptoCurrency, which is a modest engagement number but a meaningful signal given the specificity of the topic. The people engaging with it are not casual observers. They are thinking seriously about a problem that the broader market has not fully priced yet. The quantum risk backdrop is what makes this more than identity theater. Post-quantum cryptography has moved from academic concern to active standards work over the past three years. NIST finalized its first set of post-quantum cryptographic standards in 2024, and the conversation in security research has shifted from whether quantum computers will eventually threaten elliptic curve cryptography to when, and what the migration path looks like for systems that cannot simply patch their way to safety. Bitcoin is one of those systems. The protocol uses ECDSA signatures, and addresses derived from public keys that have been exposed on-chain, meaning any address that has ever sent a transaction, are theoretically vulnerable to a sufficiently powerful quantum adversary that could derive private keys from public keys retroactively. Most early Bitcoin addresses fall into this vulnerable category, because the public keys are
The blockchain industry in 2026 can no longer be explained by speed and transaction fees alone. As user experience becomes increasingly abstracted, the distinction between Layer 1 and Layer 2 networks is fading, shifting the basis of competition toward how reliably a platform can support applications that people actually use. Sonic Labs operates as a globally distributed blockchain infrastructure project, focusing on both post-quantum readiness and AI-driven developer environments. In an interview with Korea IT Times, Samuel Harcourt, a core contributor at Sonic Labs, outlines the next phase of the industry through three lenses: the redefinition of the L1–L2 relationship, the shift toward value capture and developer experience, and protocol architecture designed for a post-quantum era. He emphasizes that the question of whether a protocol is “prepared” is no longer a technical detail, but a condition for survival. What follows is a Q&A with Samuel Harcourt. How do you see the relationship between L1s and L2s evolving in 2026, especially as users expect seamless experiences without caring what chain they’re on? End-user abstraction is already here and as it grows, more users won’t even know if they are using an L1 or L2. The more interesting question is what that abstraction means for the economics and design choices underneath it. The L1-L2 relationship was previously framed as a division of labour where L1s provided security and L2s provided throughput. That framing is increasingly difficult to sustain in 2026, where modern L1s, Sonic included, are now delivering finality and throughput that removes the original scaling argument for rollups on that particular chain. Once a base layer can handle an application load directly, the rationale for a dedicated L2 on top of it narrows to specific use cases rather than general-purpose scaling. This means that L1s and L2s are converging on the
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Paradigm Unveils ‘PACTs’ Proposal to Protect Satoshi-Era Bitcoin Wallets From Quantum Attacks Summary - Paradigm has unveiled PACTs, a new design aimed at protecting early Bitcoin (BTC) wallets from hacking by quantum computers. - The proposal would allow Bitcoin holders to secure their assets using encrypted proof of ownership without moving them to quantum-resistant wallets. - PACTs could provide a way to protect early wallets, including about 1.1 million Bitcoin held by Satoshi Nakamoto, from security threats without moving the coins. Forecast Trend Report by Period Paradigm has unveiled a new technical proposal aimed at protecting early Bitcoin wallets from hacking threats posed by quantum computers. CoinDesk reported on May 2 that the firm released a new design called “Provable Address Control Timestamps,” or PACTs. The proposal would allow Bitcoin holders to protect their assets through encrypted proof of ownership without moving them to quantum-resistant wallets. The system works in two steps. First, a holder generates proof of ownership by combining random data, or a salt, with a private signature and recording it on-chain. Later, even if the network freezes older addresses as a security measure, the holder can restore access to the assets by submitting a quantum-resistant STARK proof without disclosing the address or balance. PACTs could help protect early wallets with exposed public keys, including about 1.1 million Bitcoin held by Satoshi Nakamoto. Existing security measures require Satoshi to move the coins and reveal his identity to avoid losing them. Under this design, the coins could be protected from security threats without ever being moved. Dan Robinson, a general partner at Paradigm, said PACTs offer a balanced option between defending against quantum threats and protecting ownership of dormant assets. Uk Jin wook9629@bloomingbit.ioH3LLO, World! I am Uk Jin.
Paradigm researcher Dan Robinson published a proposal on May 1 that could let dormant bitcoin holders, including those believed to be Satoshi Nakamoto’s coins, silently prove address control before quantum computers can crack their keys. Paradigm Researcher Proposes PACTs to Shield Dormant Bitcoin From Quantum Computing Risk Key Takeaways: - Paradigm’s Dan Robinson proposed PACTs on May 1, 2026, offering bitcoin holders a free, private way to timestamp address control before quantum threats arrive. - Over 1.1 million BTC worth roughly $75 billion in Satoshi-linked wallets face exposure if cryptographically relevant quantum computers emerge. - PACTs require no Bitcoin fork today but need future STARK verification support and community consensus to activate a rescue path. Bitcoin Holders Gain Silent Escape Hatch as Paradigm Targets Quantum Vulnerability The proposal, titled Provable Address-Control Timestamps (PACTs), outlines a three-step method using existing Bitcoin tools to timestamp cryptographic proof of wallet ownership. No onchain transaction is required. No public signal is broadcast. The holder stores a secret salt, a BIP-322 message signature, and an OpenTimestamps proof file, then waits. Dan Robinson, a general partner and researcher at the crypto venture fund Paradigm, framed the proposal as a hedge against a specific dilemma facing Bitcoin. If cryptographically relevant quantum computers (CRQCs) arrive before the protocol adapts, addresses with exposed public keys become vulnerable to theft. If Bitcoin rushes a sunset soft fork to freeze those addresses, dormant holders face a forced, public coin migration. For wallets believed to belong to Satoshi Nakamoto, that migration would reveal whether the pseudonymous creator is alive, active, and still holding keys. Researchers estimate those wallets hold approximately 1.1 million BTC, worth more than $75 billion at current prices. PACTs offer a third path. A holder generates a 256-bit secret salt and uses BIP-322 full message signing to prove control
Are Your AI Deployments Quantum-Resistant? How to Protect Against Future Cyberattacks The post Are Your AI Deployments Quantum-Resistant? How to Protect Against Future Cyberattacks appeared first on Read the Gopher Security's Quantum Safety Blog. Your AI deployments are sitting on a cryptographic foundation that is, quite frankly, a ticking time bomb. If you’re still betting the farm on standard RSA or ECC encryption to protect your proprietary model weights, training data, or agent-to-agent chatter, you’re already losing. Forget the "quantum apocalypse" predicted for the 2030s. That’s a convenient fairy tale for people who want to sleep at night. The real threat—the Store Now, Decrypt Later (SNDL) threat—is happening right under your nose. Adversaries are harvesting your encrypted data this very second. They’re hoarding it in massive server farms, waiting for the day they can flip the switch on a quantum computer and unlock your most guarded intelligence. If your infrastructure isn’t quantum-resistant, your competitive advantage is being exfiltrated in plain sight. Why Traditional Encryption is Failing Your AI Strategy Modern cybersecurity is built on a specific, fragile assumption: that certain math problems—like integer factorization—are impossible to solve. RSA and Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) depend entirely on this premise. It worked for decades. But then came Shor’s algorithm, and suddenly, the math doesn't look so impossible anymore. A cryptographically relevant quantum computer (CRQC) can tear through these problems in polynomial time. When you look at how AI stacks are actually built—massive, centralized data lakes and high-speed pipelines—the vulnerability becomes terrifying. The SNDL threat turns today’s encrypted traffic into tomorrow’s open book. If your AI strategy involves keeping data for more than a few years, or if you’re moving intellectual property across distributed nodes, you’re essentially handing a "time-locked" gift to future adversaries. Relying on current standards isn't a "risk-management choice." It’s
Researchers at the University of Oxford have achieved a first, demonstrating “quadsqueezing”, a fourth-order squeezing effect, in a single trapped ion controlled by precisely tuned laser fields. Building on the established technique of squeezing already utilized to enhance the sensitivity of gravitational-wave detectors like LIGO, the team unlocked previously inaccessible quantum effects by engineering a novel interaction. Instead of directly attempting a weak higher-order interaction, they combined two carefully controlled forces on the ion, leveraging a phenomenon known as non-commutativity to amplify the effect. “In the lab, non-commuting interactions are often seen as a nuisance because they introduce unwanted dynamics,” said lead author Dr. Oana Băzăvan, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, “Here, we took the opposite approach and used that feature to generate stronger quantum interactions.” This new method promises advancements in quantum simulation, sensing, and computing, following a theory proposed by Dr Raghavendra Srinivas and Robert Tyler Sutherland in 2021. Trapped-Ion System Enables Quad-Squeezing Quantum Interactions This is not simply amplifying existing squeezing techniques used in gravitational wave detection; it’s a fundamentally different order of interaction, unlocking previously inaccessible quantum phenomena. The experiment hinged on manipulating a solitary ion with precisely tuned laser fields, a feat of engineering that underscores the potential for scalability in quantum technologies by focusing on highly controlled single units. Researchers bypassed the challenges of directly creating weak, higher-order interactions by combining two controlled forces acting on the trapped ion, a strategy informed by a 2021 theoretical framework proposed by Dr Raghavendra Srinivas and Robert Tyler Sutherland. Each individual force produces a linear effect, but their combined action generates a stronger interaction due to a phenomenon called non-commutativity, where the forces mutually influence each other. They confirmed these interactions by reconstructing the ion’s quantum states of motion, revealing distinct signatures for each order of
The surprisingly swift commercialization of quantum computing is signaled by the emergence of three startups originating from Harvard research over the last decade. LightsynQ, co-founded in 2024 by Mihir Bhaskar, was acquired by IonQ last year, and Bhaskar now serves as senior vice president for research and development, demonstrating a clear trajectory from academic innovation to industry leadership. QuEra has already shipped its second commercial quantum computer, built on Harvard technology, to Japan, while CavilinQ recently secured $8.8 million in seed funding to further develop quantum networking. “Where are we now compared to where we thought we’d be in 2018? We are so much farther ahead than I think any of us could have imagined,” says Evelyn Hu, Tarr-Coyne Professor of Applied Physics and of Electrical Engineering, reflecting a sentiment that this once theoretical science is rapidly approaching practical application. LightsynQ, QuEra, and CavilinQ: Harvard Quantum Startups Emerge These ventures, LightsynQ, QuEra, and CavilinQ, demonstrate a rapid transition from theoretical physics to tangible technology, exceeding expectations set as recently as 2018. LightsynQ, co-founded in 2024 by Harvard Ph.D. Mihir Bhaskar, exemplifies this trend. Bhaskar acknowledges the surprising pace of development, stating, “I couldn’t have predicted this…the pace of innovation, the pace of development, the pace of—honestly—capital going into the technology has far exceeded what I could have possibly imagined.” QuEra, established in 2018 by Mikhail Lukin and Markus Greiner with partners from Harvard and MIT, recently shipped its second commercial quantum computer to Japan’s National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, showcasing the practical application of research. Brandon Grinkemeyer, a postdoctoral fellow and CavilinQ founder, explains the importance of quantum networking, drawing parallels to classical computing: connecting processors increases computational power, enabling solutions to problems beyond the reach of single processors. Harvard Quantum Initiative Fuels Fault Tolerance Advances The
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Inside a radio-frequency trap at Oxford’s Clarendon Laboratory, a single strontium ion hangs in a vacuum, cooled to near stillness, vibrating with an energy so close to nothing that quantum mechanics itself sets the floor. The ion is about ten nanometres across. Its motion is the harmonic oscillator, the same mathematical beast that describes a child’s swing, a plucked guitar string, the electromagnetic shiver of light itself. For decades, physicists have been squeezing that motion, redistributing its quantum uncertainty to sharpen one property at the cost of another. What Oana Băzăvan and her colleagues at Oxford have now done is push the squeezing to a place no one has gone before. The result, published in Nature Physics, is something called quadsqueezing: a fourth-order quantum interaction that, until now, existed mostly as a theoretical curiosity. Getting there required a trick that was, in a way, hiding in plain sight. The Quantum Noise Problem Squeezing is already a workhorse of precision physics. It works because quantum mechanics does not let you know everything about a system at once. Position and momentum, for instance, cannot both be pinned down simultaneously; this is Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle, not as a failure of measurement but as a hard feature of reality. Squeezing reshapes that uncertainty: make position sharper and momentum gets blurrier, or vice versa. Squeezed light is already used in gravitational-wave detectors like LIGO, where the sensitivity needed to catch the faint ripple of two colliding black holes requires beating quantum noise itself. Ordinary, second-order squeezing does that job. But physicists have long suspected that going further, to third-order (trisqueezing) and fourth-order (quadsqueezing) interactions, would unlock genuinely different quantum territory. Non-Gaussian states, they are called, and they matter because the classical computers that can efficiently simulate ordinary Gaussian quantum systems hit a wall when the
The Sun Pharma-Organon deal, UAE’s divorce from OPEC, and more… In this week’s wrapup, we talk about Cisco’s breakthrough that might change quantum computing forever, the paradox of India’s slipping GDP ranking, the global helium shortage, the UAE’s exit from OPEC, and what happens when India runs out of urea. Also, in this week’s Markets edition, we discuss India’s largest overseas pharmaceutical deal, as Sun Pharma announced its acquisition of Organon & Co., a US-based company focused on women’s health. We don’t just break down the deal, but also what it means for Sun Pharma and its numbers. You can read the full story here. With that out of the way, let’s look back at what we wrote this week. The missing piece in quantum computing Quantum computers are powerful. But they have one embarrassing problem. They still can't talk to each other. Each machine works alone. There’s no sharing, teamwork or network. And that’s the gap Cisco is trying to close with its new “universal quantum switch”. The tricky part? Quantum information is fragile. You can't copy it or resend it. And different quantum systems encode information in completely different ways, making communication incredibly difficult. Cisco’s switch acts as a translator, converting signals between systems without destroying the information in the process. It works at room temperature and runs on existing fibre optic cables. No exotic cooling, no new infrastructure. The bigger idea: instead of building one impossibly large quantum machine, you could network many smaller ones together. Same outcome, completely different approach. In Monday’s story, we break down why this missing piece matters so much today. India’s economy is growing. So why is its GDP rank slipping? The IMF recently said that India slipped from the fourth-largest to the sixth-largest economy in the world. Naturally, that triggered panic
HSBC & Haiqu Solve Quantum Finance’s Data Block with IBM Quantum computing has long promised to calculate market risks at lightning speed, but this vision has been blocked by the data bottleneck. Getting complex, real-world financial data into a quantum computer is notoriously difficult. Now, new joint research from HSBC and quantum software startup Haiqu suggests a breakthrough. Their findings prove that financial risk modelling applications are much closer to practical reality than previously thought. Solving the loading problem The research shows that financial institutions can provide financial data to a quantum computer through a process called Quantum State Preparation. Normally, encoding “heavy-tailed” distributions – mathematical models used to predict extreme market crashes – requires complex circuits that today’s quantum hardware simply can’t handle. These circuits become overwhelmed, causing the quantum computer to crash before it finishes the calculation. HSBC and Haiqu solved this by using a method called Matrix Product States. This allowed them to create shallow circuits, which are essentially a more streamlined, efficient way to pack data. Instead of trying to store every single piece of data in the computer’s memory at once, they used a sampling-based workflow that “avoids storing the full discretised dataset in classical memory, enabling larger encoding circuits to be generated,” reads the firms’ press release. Real-world testing on IBM hardware IBM provides access to quantum computing processors like the Eagle and Osprey, which are designed to handle increasingly complex workloads. HSBC and Haiqu ran their tests on this hardware. The study demonstrated the method’s efficacy across increasingly complex scales. At the 25-qubit level, a threshold where physical quantum processors begin to handle complex data, the team utilised IBM hardware to successfully reproduce probability distributions that satisfied all standard statistical benchmarks To test the system’s resilience against the errors common in larger processors,
Paradigm researcher proposes timestamp 'escape hatch' to protect Satoshi-era bitcoin from quantum threats Quick Take - PACTs would let long-term bitcoin holders prepare for a worst-case quantum scenario without moving funds or signaling activity onchain. - Competing proposals like BIP-361 would look to force upgrades over the span of a few years. We'd love your feedback. A Paradigm researcher outlined a new model he says could protect dormant bitcoins, including those belonging to the network's creator, Satoshi Nakamoto, from a future quantum computing threat. The proposal from Dan Robinson introduces what he calls "Provable Address-Control Timestamps," shortened to PACTs. It would create a way for bitcoin (BTC) holders to prove they controlled a wallet before quantum computing advances to the point of being capable of deriving the wallet's private keys — if that day ever comes. The model uses a timestamping system that is already part of a blockchain's basic functionality. Holders would essentially generate a proof that they control their bitcoin and timestamp it on the blockchain, creating a record of ownership in the event of a future quantum attack. That proof could then later be unlocked, allowing users to reclaim their funds on a future quantum-resistant version of Bitcoin. It is a potential workaround for a major issue in the quantum bitcoin debate: how to protect the ownership and privacy of long-dormant bitcoin addresses. Under other similar proposals, like BIP-361 by Casa's chief security officer Jameson Lopp, and others, there would be a multi-year migration window for wallets, exchanges, and custodians to upgrade to quantum-resistant technology, before "sunsetting" legacy signatures. After that period, any coins that failed to migrate would be rendered unspendable. But this creates a separate set of problems for dormant holders. Moving funds would reveal that the owner is still active and could potentially link
Shares of quantum computing provider IonQ (IONQ +2.39%) jumped 56.5% in April, according to data from S&P Global Market Intelligence. As a quantum computing research lab, the company has little of a business model today, but it recently won a research contract and expects strong revenue growth this year. It remains unprofitable. Here's why IonQ stock rocketed higher in April, and what investors should do from here. NYSE: IONQ Key Data Points New government contract The catalyst for IonQ's soaring stock price in April was an announcement that DARPA (the Defense Research Agency) had awarded IonQ a contract for its quantum computing research program. Along with its Air Force research, IonQ is working hard to secure government research funding for this potentially revolutionary computing technology. In the days following the announcement, IonQ's stock began to soar. IonQ has a working quantum computer, although it is very rudimentary. Along with government research grants, the company sells its quantum services through cloud providers, provides consulting services, and resells quantum hardware to other research labs. However, because errors in existing quantum computers form so rapidly, it is likely that cloud revenue is quite low, as no real-world problems can be solved. Last quarter, IonQ's revenue was $62 million. On this revenue, it posted an operating loss of $229 million. The lack of profitability should be a glaring red flag for anyone considering investing in quantum stocks like IonQ. Buying IonQ and any quantum stock should come with a big warning IonQ has been a wild stock for shareholders, experiencing huge ups and downs over the last few years. This is likely due to its high short interest, meaning a lot of its outstanding shares are held short by short sellers. When a bullish catalyst occurs, this can cause a short squeeze and drive
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Industry Advances Quantum Networking, Cloud and Application Development In the midst of the quantum development era, more capabilities are emerging every day. Some of the latest advancements are enabling quantum computing networks, quantum computing in the cloud, and environments for the creation and validation of quantum applications. IonQ, the American quantum company headquartered in College Park, Maryland, with locations in Basel, Switzerland; Toronto, Canada; Rome, New York, and Bothell, Washington, is planning to demonstrate a high-performance quantum network later this year. The quantum network could offer 50-100 times higher network speeds than traditional computer networks. Four officials from IonQ spoke at a Griffiss Institute event on March 19, including Mihir Bhaskar, senior vice president for Global Research and Development; Masako Yamada, senior director of Applications Development; Denny Dahl, senior director for Field Engineering; and Curt Bujosa, technical program manager. The Griffiss Institute is an advanced technology and science, technology, engineering and mathematics talent accelerator for the Defense Department. Their collaborative space, the Innovare Advancement Center, in Rome, New York, brings together academic, government and industry partners. The institute is working with companies like IonQ, along with some of the directorates of the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) in Rome, across quantum and other advanced technologies. “It’s kind of like being able to play with fire for the first time,” IonQ’s Dahl said. “And as a scientist, who would not love to do that. But there are other good reasons to do [quantum], including national security. If we can manipulate and precisely control these quantum states, there are things that we are going to be able to do that will give us a national security advantage. We would like that, and we’d like to make sure that nobody else gets it before us.” Heather Hage, the president and CEO of the