No-frills tech news

Four-qubit Entanglement Structure Fully Characterized

Researchers have developed a technique to detect the entanglement structure of a multipartite system, which is tractable to implement in a quantum computer. By exploiting symmetries under permutations and unitaries, the work detects the ways in which multiple qubits are linked, a notoriously difficult challenge in quantum physics. The results, detailed in Table I, identify families of bound entangled states within the characterized systems and also lead to new symmetric matrix inequalities, a long-standing problem in mathematics. Four-Qubit Systems Characterized via Entanglement Partitions The ability to discern the intricate structure of entanglement within quantum systems has advanced to encompass four qubits, moving beyond established methods for bipartite systems. This technique allows for the detection of entanglement partitions, the way entanglement is distributed across multiple qubits, a notoriously difficult task in quantum information science. Researchers used symmetries under permutations and unitaries to detect these partitions, offering a pathway to understand more complex entanglement structures. This characterization relies on a process of weak Schur sampling, implemented on a quantum computer, and the subsequent analysis of probabilities obtained from measuring the system. The process projects the quantum state onto irreducible subspaces, labeled by lambda, allowing researchers to identify states that do not belong to specific separability partitions. Determining the separability partition, denoted as kappa, is important for applications like distributed computing and network communication, as it reveals the entanglement depth and separability length of a quantum state. For instance, a state described as indicates a specific level of entanglement distribution, while denotes another. Proposition 2 within the research details the criteria for separability partitions in three-partite systems. This analytical framework extends to larger systems, enabling the computation of criteria for systems with increased complexity and fewer free parameters. The method allows for the detection of many-body states where no single qubit is separable

Science Tokyo Details Nanoscale Control Of Magnetic Polarization

Researchers from Science Tokyo have fabricated BFCO nanodots to directly observe how electric fields restructure polarization and reverse magnetization, a key step toward lower-energy data storage. The team reports demonstrating reliable magnetization reversal using electric fields instead of current, potentially solving a growing energy challenge posed by cloud computing, artificial intelligence, and data centers. Magnetic memories using this method are non-volatile, retaining information without power, and avoid the energy-dissipating Joule heat of current-based writing. This research offers a pathway to significantly more energy-efficient memory devices. Piezoresponse Microscopy Maps Polarization Switching in BFCO Nanostructures Piezoresponse force microscopy revealed a distinct shift in electric polarization within 190 nm BiFe 0.9 Co 0.1 O 3 (BFCO) nanodots when subjected to an electric field, directly visualizing the mechanism behind magnetization reversal. Researchers observed an initial polarization structure transform into a center-divergent structure, a change that helps control magnetic properties at the nanoscale. This restructuring wasn’t a simple spin flip, but a rotation of the magnetic moment within the material’s easy plane, responding directly to the altered polarization. The team’s imaging combined piezoresponse force microscopy, mapping electric polarization, with scanning nitrogen-vacancy center magnetometry, detecting magnetic fields to correlate the two phenomena. The observed link between polarization switching and magnetization direction is significant because it demonstrates a pathway to manipulate magnetic states without relying on electric current. The researchers report highlighting the potential for more efficient memory devices. This control at nanoscale dimensions, roughly one-thousandth the width of a human hair, is particularly relevant to the ongoing miniaturization of semiconductor devices. The ability to reliably reverse magnetization using electric fields, rather than current, circumvents the energy losses associated with Joule heating, a major concern in high-density data storage. This precise control over magnetic configuration has implications for addressing the increasing energy demands of modern technologies. Published

AI World Innovation: <b>Quantum</b> Meets Classical — Inventor Vatsal Soin's Pre-Execution 0→1 Doctrine

Singularity remains unresolved, but capital cannot wait for an answer. 0 and 1 are the endpoints of a normalized governance range. This is Authorized Intelligence: a pre-execution check testing a proposed parameter against a defined boundary before it becomes action, regardless of which engine — classical or quantum-assisted — produced the proposal. Live: www.0to1doctrine.com This invention is a checkpoint. Every field can speak its own language — physics in joules, medicine in enzyme levels, AI in probabilities. A quantum-assisted credit model could flag an application as low-risk; a classical model, checking the same application, could read it differently. Nothing is necessarily wrong with either result. The problem is that the underlying measures may not share a common decision framework. Defined normalizable parameters can instead be converted into a shared 0-to-1 representation, making relevant differences visible before a consequential decision. This invention creates that common governance layer. WHY THIS KEEPS HAPPENING Every control built for one engine inherits the blind spot of never having questioned what a different engine’s numbers actually mean. Most governance tooling was built to test classical outputs against classical thresholds. It was never built to ask whether a quantum-derived confidence interval, an amplitude-based estimate, or a hybrid pipeline’s result means the same thing the threshold assumes it means. A qubit is not a classical bit behaving like a tiny 0 and 1 — quantum computation uses states and amplitudes; measurement produces a classical outcome, but not necessarily one calibrated the way a classical system expects. A GATE THAT DOES NOT CARE WHICH ENGINE PRODUCED THE NUMBER The check was never on the computation. It was always on the proposed consequence. The 0→1 Doctrine uses 0 and 1 differently from either classical bits or qubits: as endpoints of a normalization range testing a proposed action against a defined

Curve25519 vs secp256k1: 18% Faster Signature Checks [2026]

Every Bitcoin transaction and every Signal message leans on an elliptic curve to prove who signed what. They are not the same curve, and the difference is not cosmetic. Bitcoin and Ethereum run on secp256k1, a curve Certicom published in 1999 with almost no marketing behind it. Signal, WireGuard, modern SSH keys, and the X25519 key exchange in TLS 1.3 run on Curve25519, a curve Daniel J. Bernstein built in 2005 specifically to be fast and hard to implement wrong. Both give you roughly 128-bit security. Neither is going away. This comparison pulls apart the math, the benchmarks, and the deployment reality so you can pick the right one for your project instead of copying whatever the last tutorial used. What Curve25519 and secp256k1 Actually Are Curve25519 is a specific elliptic curve defined over the prime field 2^255 – 19, described by Bernstein as a Diffie-Hellman function built for speed and safety at the same time. Its equation, y^2 = x^3 + 486662x^2 + x, is written in Montgomery form, a shape chosen for one purpose: fast, constant-time scalar multiplication (Wikipedia). The signature scheme built on the same field, Ed25519, uses a birationally equivalent twisted Edwards curve so the same underlying arithmetic powers both key exchange (X25519) and signing (Ed25519). secp256k1 is a different animal. It is a short Weierstrass curve, y^2 = x^3 + 7, specified in Certicom’s SEC 2 standard alongside a family of NIST-style curves (SEC 2: Recommended Elliptic Curve Domain Parameters). Satoshi Nakamoto picked it for Bitcoin’s ECDSA signatures in 2008 or 2009, and Ethereum inherited the choice. secp256k1 was not designed around a specific implementation strategy the way Curve25519 was. Its constants are simple (a = 0, b = 7), which some developers read as easier to audit than the more opaque parameter generation used

Bitcoin <b>Quantum</b> Risk: Check Your Addresses

Bitcoin and the Quantum Computer: Which Addresses Already Expose Their Keys The G7 called on September 3, 2026 for the post-quantum migration to start immediately, and the first European milestone expires at the end of this year. What that means for your Bitcoin, which addresses expose their public key, and how to check your own in a few minutes. If you hold your own Bitcoin, the most important question in the quantum debate is not a question about the future. It is one you can answer today on a block explorer: has your address ever revealed its public key? That single fact decides whether a future quantum computer could attack your coins at all. Addresses that have never sent anything do not show their key. Addresses you have spent from show it permanently. The occasion for this article is a paper that, at first glance, has nothing to do with cryptocurrencies. On September 3, 2026, the G7 Cybersecurity Working Group, chaired by France, published the joint statement "Preparing for the Post-Quantum Era: A Call to Action". The message: do not wait for the first capable quantum machine, but take stock of your own encryption now and start migrating. For you as a holder of Bitcoin, that is not an abstract matter for government agencies. The first European milestone for the switch expires at the end of this year, and the question of which of your addresses are exposed is a question of custody. This article answers three things: what on a blockchain would actually be vulnerable, how you can check your own position in a few minutes, and which deadlines the regulators have set. No price forecast, no doomsday. What the G7 statement of September 3, 2026 calls for The G7 nations are urging public authorities and companies to begin

Researchers Bound Locations Of <b>Quantum</b> Phase Transitions

By rigorously establishing locations of quantum phase transitions (QPTs) within one-parameter lattice Hamiltonians, understanding of these fundamental shifts in physical systems has broadened. The analysis extends previous work and now determines locations for both first and second-order QPTs, using a transverse-field Ising model as an explicit example. A unifying principle regarding quantum phase transitions is established; these changes can be understood as ‘condensation’ within specific energy states. The analyses successfully identify where such transitions occur not only in first-order scenarios but also in more complex second-order cases, again employing the transverse-field Ising model as an illustrative instance. Understanding of quantum phase transitions (QPTs), fundamental shifts in physical systems occurring at extremely low temperatures, akin to water freezing into ice but governed by quantum mechanics rather than simple heat loss, has been improved. This builds upon previous analyses and rigorously determines where these transitions happen within ‘lattice Hamiltonians’, a mathematical description representing how particles interact on a regular grid structure similar to modelling balls connected by springs neatly arranged on a table. The team demonstrated this applies not only to straightforward, first-order QPTs, but also more complex second-order scenarios using the transverse-field Ising model as an example. Rigorous identification of both first and second order quantum phase transitions The analysis of quantum phase transitions (QPTs) has expanded its capabilities; it now rigorously identifies both first-order and second-order QPTs within one-parameter lattice Hamiltonians. Previously, methods were limited to identifying only first-order transitions such as freezing. Determining the locations of second-order transitions proved impossible with earlier techniques reliant on condensation in state space. The new approach successfully pinpoints these changes using the transverse-field Ising model as an example, demonstrating applicability to more complex scenarios. Transverse-field Ising models served as a demonstration for specifically defined one-parameter lattice Hamiltonians exhibiting second-order quantum phase transitions. Identifying

Should Equinix's New AI and <b>Quantum</b> Inference Fabric Reshape the Narrative for EQIX Investors?

- United States - / - Specialized REITs - / - NasdaqGS:EQIX Should Equinix’s New AI and Quantum Inference Fabric Reshape the Narrative for EQIX Investors? - In recent days, Equinix, Inc. expanded its collaboration with NVIDIA and Together AI to launch the Equinix Inference Exchange, introduced the Equinix Fabric One managed connectivity service, and hosted the planned deployment of Diraq’s silicon spin quantum computer in its Sydney data center, integrating AI, cloud and quantum infrastructure across its global platform. - These moves highlight Equinix’s push to become a central infrastructure hub for next-generation AI and quantum workloads, offering enterprises automated, neutral connectivity and access to more than 200 open-source models through a single, fabric-based ecosystem. - We’ll now examine how Equinix Fabric One’s intent-based, multi-cloud connectivity could reshape Equinix’s investment narrative around AI-driven infrastructure demand. This technology could replace computers: discover 25 stocks that are working to make quantum computing a reality. Equinix Investment Narrative Recap To own Equinix, I think you need to believe that neutral, globally distributed digital infrastructure will remain essential as AI, cloud and interconnection demand evolves. The key near term catalyst is how effectively Equinix converts AI interest into higher recurring interconnection and power-dense deployments, while the biggest risk is that its heavy, debt funded buildout runs into higher-for-longer financing costs or slower demand. The latest AI and quantum announcements support the catalyst, but do not materially change those core risks. Among the recent news, Equinix Fabric One looks most directly tied to that catalyst. By offering intent based, any to any connectivity across enterprises, clouds and AI providers, Fabric One extends Equinix’s role beyond real estate into managed, fabric driven networking services. If enterprises adopt it at scale, that could reinforce interconnection as a higher margin growth engine, but it would still sit

This Week's Awesome Tech Stories From Around the Web (Through September 5)

This Week’s Awesome Tech Stories From Around the Web (Through September 5) Image Credit D Designs on Unsplash Share Computing Why Everyone in Quantum Computing Is Buzzing About Google’s Move Into ‘Neutral Atoms’Adam Bluestein | Fast Company "Google’s interest sends a clear signal: Neutral atom quantum computing has arrived. And while it may not replace superconducting as the leading approach, the technology is primed to be a key player in the race to quantum utility, the threshold where the value of quantum computers finally eclipses the cost of running them." Biotechnology A Transplanted Pig Kidney Is Still Working After a Record-Setting 9 Months in a PatientEmily Mullin | Wired ($) "While they wait [for a kidney transplant], patients often need dialysis, in which a person’s blood vessels are hooked up to a machine that removes excess fluid and waste from the bloodstream. Dialysis typically requires four-hour sessions three times a week and can damage blood vessels over time, making the procedure hard on the body. Pig kidneys could offer an alternative until a human organ is available." Future The Singularity Is Not What It SeemsMatteo Wong and Charlie Warzel | The Atlantic ($) "This singularity isn’t coming at the hands of a higher form of intelligence. Nothing about this technology is inevitable. It is thrilling, terrifying, and ultimately convenient to assign agency and then blame to machines. But today’s chaos was not 'injected into the system' by technology, as [Sam] Altman wrote more than a decade ago; the destruction is the system. It’s not God in the machine; it’s us." Artificial Intelligence OpenAI Technique in ‘Astra’ Model Sparks Security ConcernsAmir Efrati, Stephanie Palazzolo, and Rocket Drew | The Information ($) "OpenAI says its forthcoming AI model Astra marks a step up in capabilities such as coding and operating applications on

G7 Tells Crypto Industry to Start Moving to <b>Quantum</b>-Safe Encryption Now

G7 Tells Crypto Industry to Start Moving to Quantum-Safe Encryption Now The Group of Seven's cybersecurity working group issued a blunt warning on September 3, 2026: organizations around the world should begin migrating to post-quantum cryptography immediately, before quantum computers become capable of dismantling the encryption that currently secures digital infrastructure. The advisory carries particular urgency for the cryptocurrency industry, where public-key cryptography underpins everything from wallet security to transaction authorization, and where upgrading core protocols requires coordination across developers, miners, exchanges and millions of users. The working group's report, titled "Preparing for the Post-Quantum Era: A Call to Action," frames quantum computing as a security and economic threat affecting public and private organizations alike, not only operators of critical infrastructure. The document never mentions cryptocurrency by name. Yet the connection is unavoidable: blockchain networks depend on the same class of cryptographic algorithms that quantum machines are expected to break, and the industry's upgrade path is complicated by governance debates, technical constraints and the permanent visibility of on-chain data. "Although the exact timeline is uncertain, several recent advances suggest an anticipation of the development of quantum computers able to break widely used public-key cryptography mechanisms and threaten the security of digital infrastructures," the group wrote. One of the most pressing concerns identified in the report is the "harvest now, decrypt later" strategy. Attackers could collect encrypted data today and store it until quantum capabilities mature sufficiently to unlock it. For blockchains, this vulnerability is amplified because public keys and transaction histories remain visible forever, potentially exposing older wallets to retrospective attacks years after funds were moved. Europe Moves First With Binding Deadlines While the G7 statement is advisory, the European Union has already converted the quantum threat into regulatory requirements. The EU adopted its Coordinated Implementation Roadmap for the Transition

Post-<b>quantum</b> Bitcoin Protection: QuFi Tests Bitcoin Security Without Blockchain Changes

Post-quantum Bitcoin Protection: QuFi Tests Bitcoin Security Without Blockchain Changes Post-quantum Bitcoin protection from QuFi Network demonstrates how digital assets can be prepared for future quantum risks without rewriting existing settlement networks. The company launched a post-quantum verification platform and showcased its operation on Bitcoin Testnet4. The overall principle of this protection is to preemptively replace or supplement vulnerable cryptographic elements with more robust schemes, without disrupting the operation of the network and wallets. Verification Beyond the Blockchain The main idea of QuFi Network is not to force the blockchain itself to perform all the heavy cryptographic work. The platform separates the verification of an operation from its final execution: independent nodes conduct cryptographic verification in advance and then transmit a compact proof to the network. This approach is intended to reduce the load on base networks if they need to transition to post-quantum cryptography. Post-quantum schemes often require more data, computations, and resources than traditional public key cryptography mechanisms, so directly embedding new signatures into each blockchain could increase storage, bandwidth, and transaction processing requirements. In addition to the load, migration may face compatibility issues with wallets, exchanges, bridges, and nodes: users will need to update tools, carefully transfer keys, and avoid errors when transitioning to new formats. QuFi Network relies on standards prepared under the initiative of the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NIST acts as the coordinator for standardization in this area: it collects candidates, opens them for public cryptanalysis, compares their resilience and practicality, and then approves the selected algorithms as standards. If we break down the schemes used by QuFi Network by roles, we get the following picture: - ML-DSA-65 --- lattice cryptography; digital signature; NIST standardization. - SLH-DSA --- hash signatures; additional digital signature scheme; NIST standardization. - ML-KEM-1024 --- lattice cryptography; secure

Scaling of the <b>quantum</b> approximate optimization algorithm on superconducting qubit based ...

Scaling of the quantum approximate optimization algorithm on superconducting qubit based hardware Abstract Quantum computers may provide good solutions to combinatorial optimization problems by leveraging the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA). The QAOA is often presented as an algorithm for noisy hardware. However, hardware constraints limit its applicability to problem instances that closely match the connectivity of the qubits. Furthermore, the QAOA must outpace classical solvers. Here, we investigate swap strategies to map dense problems into linear, grid and heavy-hex coupling maps. A line-based swap strategy works best for linear and two-dimensional grid coupling maps. Heavy-hex coupling maps require an adaptation of the line swap strategy. By contrast, three-dimensional grid coupling maps benefit from a different swap strategy. Using known entropic arguments we find that the required gate fidelity for dense problems lies deep below the fault-tolerant threshold. We also provide a methodology to reason about the execution-time of QAOA. Finally, we present a QAOA Qiskit Runtime program and execute the closed-loop optimization on cloud-based quantum computers with transpiler settings optimized for QAOA. This work highlights some obstacles to improve to make QAOA competitive, such as gate fidelity, gate speed, and the large number of shots needed. The Qiskit Runtime program gives us a tool to investigate such issues at scale on noisy superconducting qubit hardware. 1 Introduction Gate-based quantum computers process information by applying unitary operations on information stored in qubits. Such computers may provide an advantage for complex computational tasks in chemistry [1, 2, 3], finance [4, 5, 6] and combinatorial optimization [7, 8]. We focus on the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) [7, 8, 9] which maps combinatorial optimization problems, for instance, quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) problems with variables | | | | (1) | to the problem of finding the ground state of an Ising

G7 Warns <b>Quantum</b> Threat Demands Action as Crypto Industry Weighs Fixes

In brief - The G7 says organizations should begin migrating to post-quantum cryptography now. - Attackers can collect encrypted data today and decrypt it if sufficiently powerful quantum computers emerge. - Bitcoin, Ethereum, and Solana developers are already testing defenses against the threat. The G7 is urging governments and businesses to prepare for quantum-enabled cyberattacks now, warning that migration could take years and that sensitive data is already at risk. In a new report, the cybersecurity working group of the Group of Seven, better known as the G7—a forum comprising Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States—called quantum computing a security and economic threat to public and private organizations, not just critical infrastructure operators. “Although the exact timeline is uncertain, several recent advances suggest an anticipation of the development of quantum computers able to break widely used public-key cryptography mechanisms and threaten the security of digital infrastructures,” the group wrote. The group urged organizations to adopt post-quantum cryptography, or PQC, to protect against classical and quantum attacks. Without it, data stolen and stored today could later be decrypted by a sufficiently powerful quantum computer, which could also break digital signatures, enable impersonation, and expose companies and their supply chains. “We acknowledge that transitioning to PQC is not a problem for individual organizations to solve in isolation, but rather a collective transition that can only be achieved with early engagement, coordinated planning, and informed decision-making across the public and private sectors,” wrote. While the report does not mention cryptocurrency, the same class of public-key cryptography protects blockchain wallets and authorizes transactions. Current quantum computers cannot break Bitcoin’s cryptography. Developers are nevertheless considering post-quantum proposals including BIP-360, which would prepare the network to support new signature schemes. Bitcoin’s governance makes the transition more complicated. Any major security

CISA, G7 Urge Post-<b>Quantum</b> Cryptography Action

- CISA and a working group are urging organizations to begin transitioning to post-quantum cryptography - The groups identify five priorities, including raising awareness, developing national strategies and advancing R&D. - Explore emerging cyber threats at the 2026 Homeland Security Summit on Nov 10 The Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency and the G7 Cybersecurity Working Group are urging governments and organizations to begin transitioning to post-quantum cryptography, or PQC. The threat posed by quantum computing is forcing government agencies to rethink how they protect sensitive information and critical systems. As DHS continues to prioritize cyber defense and homeland security technology, the transition to post-quantum cryptography is becoming an increasingly important component of federal cybersecurity. The 2026 Homeland Security Summit will bring together government and industry leaders to discuss emerging cyber threats, technology modernization and strategies for strengthening the nation’s security posture. Register your spot for the event. Why Is CISA Calling for Post-Quantum Cryptography Action? CISA warned Thursday through its Preparing for the Post-Quantum Era: A Call to Action publication that advances in quantum computing could eventually enable cryptographically relevant quantum computers to break public-key cryptography currently used to protect digital infrastructure. While the timeline for such quantum computers remains uncertain, the groups said the potential threat should no longer be treated as distant. Instead, governments and businesses should begin planning their PQC migrations to avoid exposure to quantum threats while providing long-term protection of confidential data. In addition to quantum-related risks, the groups warn that delaying migration could cause organizations to lose competitive advantages or potentially face exclusion from certain contracting opportunities, including public procurement. What Does CISA Recommend for PQC Migration? CISA and the G7 Cybersecurity Working Group recommend that organizations adopt a phased, risk-based approach to post-quantum cryptography migration, beginning with identifying critical data and assets, inventorying

The <b>quantum</b> security deadline just got harder to ignore

The quantum security deadline just got harder to ignore COMMENTARY | Quantum security is a national defense priority, not a future planning exercise. Once viewed as just a research topic and future concern, quantum security is now an operational priority for the U.S. federal government. Recent executive orders from President Donald Trump, paired with a quantum defense strategy from the Department of War (DoW), reiterate the Administration’s commitment to “safeguard America’s most sensitive data, critical infrastructure and the digital economy” and lay out concrete steps for organizations to adopt post-quantum cryptography and protect their systems. The reason is simple. Large-scale quantum computers aren’t here yet, but the risk already is. Adversaries can capture encrypted data today, store it and decrypt it later when quantum capabilities mature. This “harvest now, decrypt later” threat turns quantum from a future computing problem into a present-day cybersecurity one. And it's exactly the kind of long-tail risk that should worry anyone protecting mission-critical systems, sensitive data or long-lived corporate assets. Speed is of the essence The White House’s executive order underscores this urgency by supercharging the national effort to develop a large-scale quantum computer and directing agencies to deploy quantum-enabled networks within the next five years. By driving a whole-of-government strategy that coordinates commerce, energy and intelligence capabilities, the administration has signaled that the timeline for quantum disruption is moving much faster than many realize. Major hardware developers like Google, IonQ, IBM and Intel have also reported material progress in recent months, with Google's Willow chip and its quantum error-correction advances chief among them. That momentum is already translating into concrete action: the NSA and the DEVCOM Army Research Office recently launched the QuantumEAGLe initiative, a collaborative program built to accelerate the domestic quantum computing ecosystem, secure critical supply chains and fast-track fault-tolerant quantum capabilities.

DOD Seeks Software-Only Encryption Solutions for Post-<b>Quantum</b> Transition

The Department of Defense is seeking commercially available, software-only encryption technology to protect military data without requiring changes to existing hardware as the department moves toward post-quantum cryptography (PQC). According to a request for information (RFI) posted to Sam.gov on Aug. 27, the DOD wants “to identify potential sources and solutions that can meet the department’s requirements for interim data protection measures, which are designed to be consistent with and advance the DOW’s migration to post-quantum cryptography.” Under the Trump administration, the DOD was rebranded as the Department of War (DOW). “The desired solution should provide utility-based, data packet-level cryptographic protection that aligns with the government’s PQC migration strategy and implementation plan, scheduled for on or before December 31, 2029,” the RFI reads. The software encryption effort is part of a broader DOD push to prepare military systems for quantum-era threats. The department published its PQC strategy in June, the day after the White House issued new quantum policies. The DOD PQC strategy outlines a plan to prepare “for a future battle space enabled by Cryptographically Relevant Quantum Computers.” The strategy directs personnel to ensure all systems support PQC by 2030, and that every DOD system uses PQC, unless otherwise specified, no later than 2031. Applicable solutions The RFI states that applicable solutions must ensure cryptographic protection of data and protect encryption and decryption keys during establishment through asymmetric key encapsulation mechanisms and digital signatures. Authentication integration must be provided through an authorized PQC digital signature or through message authentication codes established through PQC asymmetric cryptographic approaches. Solutions must also be capable of integrating with PQC public key infrastructure. The department’s requirements further call for protections against unknown key access, including third-party storage, management, or access to cryptographic keys. The RFI also specifies that applicable solutions must not use symmetric

3 Top <b>Quantum Computing</b> Stocks to Buy in September | The Motley Fool

Quantum computing may be lurking in the shadow of artificial intelligence (AI), but investors should pay special attention to this field. It has the potential to reshape the computing landscape, and several strong players in this industry could benefit immensely from the rise of quantum computing. Three that I think are primed to benefit are Alphabet (GOOG -1.05%) (GOOGL -1.11%), IonQ (IONQ +1.28%), and Nvidia (NVDA +0.84%). These are top stocks in this industry, and the time is now to take advantage of them. Why is quantum computing a big deal? Quantum computing is different from traditional computing because it doesn't take a binary path. Traditional computing uses ones and zeros (called bits) to determine outcomes, while quantum computing uses qubits, which are better described as the probability of an answer being a zero or a one. This allows such machines to consider an endless number of possibilities, making it ideal for nonlinear problems, which include a surprising number of issues. In some situations, quantum computers will be able to complete calculations that would take digital supercomputers billions of years to handle. The systems aren't powerful enough yet, but that's just a matter of time. Ask again in five or 10 years. Tasks like processing AI, optimizing logistics and delivery networks, and weather prediction are just some of the opportunities that quantum computing could address. The market opportunity is vast, and a projection from the management consultancy McKinsey & Company estimates that the quantum industry could reach $72 billion in annual revenue by 2035. That's a huge chunk of revenue that's currently not in play, and these three stocks are primed to benefit from it. This trio is a balanced approach to quantum computing With how lucrative the technology is, it should come as no surprise that countless competitors are

QuTech Builds Team To Integrate Full <b>Quantum Computers</b>

QuTech has established a Quantum Systems Integration Unit to develop complete superconducting quantum computers, building on five generations of systems already made publicly accessible through Quantum Inspire. The new unit will focus on integrating all components, from cryogenics to software, into a functioning machine, using experience gained through programs like HectoQubit/2 and OpenSuperQPlus. This approach aims for a system architecture and component qualification, according to QuTech, and will utilize an open architecture to combine specialized technologies from European partners including TNO and Qblox. Leo DiCarlo will serve as Scientific Lead of the unit, connecting ongoing research in quantum error correction with the engineering of full quantum systems. Full-Stack Superconducting Quantum Computer Development at QuTech QuTech is establishing a repeatable system-integration blueprint based on experience gained from five generations of superconducting quantum computers that have been made publicly accessible via Quantum Inspire. This platform has provided the team with practical knowledge spanning the entire lifecycle, from initial processor development through ongoing operation and user support. HectoQubit/2 and OpenSuperQPlus programs further solidified this expertise, enabling development across component qualification and automated monitoring, building on this experience for the new Quantum Systems Integration Unit. The unit’s initial focus will be building intellectual property around system architecture, integration methods, and essential tooling. Vivek Sinha acts as Strategy and Partnerships Lead, guiding efforts to identify key customer needs and potential applications for this integrated technology. A market study is underway to evaluate various commercial routes, including turnkey system-integration projects and system integration as a service, planned for 2028, supported by a strong IP position and practical experience integrating superconducting quantum computers across the European value chain. This initiative aims to strengthen Europe’s quantum computing infrastructure by using existing technologies and fostering collaboration within the European value chain. The unit’s work will focus on open-architecture quantum

New Copenhagen facility to strengthen Europe's <b>quantum</b> manufacturing capabilities

The state-of-the-art quantum facility will strengthen Europe’s ability to design, manufacture and scale next-generation quantum chips, helping to position the continent as a global leader in quantum technology. Today, Quantum Foundry Copenhagen and the Novo Nordisk Foundation announce plans to establish a new 5,300 m² quantum chip fabrication facility in Copenhagen. The facility will develop and scale the advanced manufacturing equipment needed to produce the next generation of quantum chips and strengthen Europe’s position in an increasingly competitive global quantum landscape. While Europe has built one of the world’s strongest research environments in quantum science, global leadership in quantum technologies will ultimately depend not only on scientific breakthroughs, but also on the ability to turn these breakthroughs into commercial products at scale. The fabrication of high-quality quantum chips, the specialised core processing units inside a quantum computer, is a crucial part of that process. “Europe’s quantum ambitions depend on our ability to turn scientific excellence into industrial capability. Strengthening European capacity to develop and manufacture quantum chips is essential for our competitiveness, resilient supply chains and technological sovereignty. Building on the European Chips Act and the Quantum Europe Strategy, and looking ahead to the forthcoming Quantum Act, initiatives such as Quantum Foundry Copenhagen can contribute to the industrial ecosystem Europe needs to scale quantum technologies,” says Henna Virkkunen, Executive Vice-President of the European Commission for Technological Sovereignty, Security and Democracy. Quantum technologies have the potential to solve problems that are beyond the reach of today’s most powerful computers. In the future, they could help researchers develop new medicines faster, design more sustainable materials, optimise energy systems, and strengthen cybersecurity. Martin Lidegaard, Denmark’s Minister of Business and Competitiveness, says: “Technological breakthroughs happen when we succeed in turning new knowledge into value for both society and businesses. Quantum technology offers solutions to

Made in North Rhine-Westphalia and Siegen: Green Light for a New <b>Quantum Computer</b>

Made in North Rhine-Westphalia and Siegen: Green Light for a New Quantum Computer A New Generation of Quantum Computers It is a new generation of quantum computers that was developed in North Rhine-Westphalia and will deliver immense computing power here. JION stands for “Jülich trapped-ION quantum computer” and is an ion-trap quantum computer. It uses electrically charged atoms (ions) as computational units (qubits) and keeps them in a suspended state using electromagnetic fields. This makes them particularly stable and results in low error rates compared to many other quantum computer systems. Quantum computers are expected to enable, for example, more precise calculations—both for the development of new drugs or materials (such as in battery research) and for more secure encryption methods for communication—than is possible with classical computer systems. Minister President Hendrik Wüst and Minister of Science Ina Brandes attended the grand opening at the Jülich Supercomputing Center (JSC) of Forschungszentrum Jülich on Thursday, September 3, 2026. As a symbolic part of the ceremony, a computational operation on JION was demonstrated publicly for the first time. With its official commissioning, JION will be integrated into the “Jülich User Infrastructure for Quantum Computing” (JUNIQ) and thus become part of Forschungszentrum Jülich’s modular supercomputer architecture. Users from research and industry can access hybrid computations using Jülich’s supercomputers and specifically offload certain computational operations to quantum systems. This combination of quantum and high-performance computing (HPC) infrastructure is unique in Germany in terms of its scope and diversity. JION emerged from the “Development Partnership for Ion Trap Quantum Computers in North Rhine-Westphalia” (EPIQ) between Forschungszentrum Jülich and the Siegen-based startup eleQtron. eleQtron was founded in 2020 as a spin-off from the University of Siegen. One of the founders of Germany’s first quantum computing startup is Prof. Dr. Christof Wunderlich, who conducts research in quantum

Dark matter detector finds a strange signal scientists can't yet explain | ScienceDaily

Dark matter detector finds a strange signal scientists canât yet explain Scientists hunting dark matter have detected a mysterious particle event that could become their most promising clue yet. - Date: - September 4, 2026 - Source: - Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory - Summary: - The LUX-ZEPLIN experiment has detected a rare particle interaction that looks unusually difficult to explain as ordinary background noise and appeared where dark matter might be expected. Scientists are not claiming a discovery yet, but additional data could show whether this single mysterious event is the first hint of a long-sought dark matter particle. - Share: For nearly a century, scientists have been trying to identify dark matter, the invisible material thought to account for about 85% of all matter in the universe. Its gravitational effects can be seen throughout the cosmos, yet no experiment has directly detected the substance itself. Discovering what dark matter is made of remains one of the most important unresolved problems in modern physics. A new analysis from the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) experiment has now uncovered a particularly intriguing event. Researchers recorded a single particle interaction that has proven difficult to explain using known background signals produced by ordinary matter. The finding is not statistically strong enough to qualify as a discovery. Even so, researchers say it represents the most compelling potential dark matter signal LZ has reported so far. A Giant Detector Nearly a Mile Underground LZ is an international project involving 250 scientists and engineers from 39 institutions. The experiment is managed by the U.S. Department of Energy's Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) and operates nearly one mile underground at the Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF) in South Dakota. At the heart of the detector are 10 tonnes of extremely pure liquid xenon. The instrument was designed primarily